Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
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5-2<br />
TROUBLESHOOTING ORBAN MODEL <strong>9400</strong><br />
Be sure that the polarity of the <strong>9400</strong>’s output correctly matches the transmitter so<br />
that adjusting the <strong>9400</strong>’s POS PEAK THRESH control (in the active Transmission Preset)<br />
causes the <strong>AM</strong> positive peak modulation to change. If it causes the negative peak<br />
modulation to change, reverse the polarity of the <strong>9400</strong> output driving the analog<br />
<strong>AM</strong> channel of the transmitter. Each <strong>9400</strong> output has a POLARITY control to make this<br />
easy.<br />
The output of the <strong>9400</strong>’s digital radio-processing path is accurately peak-controlled.<br />
However, the HDC codec (used in the HD <strong>AM</strong> system) and the aacPlus codec (used in<br />
the DRM system), like all low bitrate lossy codecs, introduce considerable overshoots<br />
as a side effect of throwing away data. When you adjust the drive level into the codec,<br />
it is wise to monitor the output of a radio or modulation monitor. If you see<br />
clipping, reduce the drive level to the codec as necessary.<br />
Excessively Low Positive Peak Modulation<br />
The polarity of the <strong>9400</strong>’s active output might be reversed. You can test this by editing<br />
the Polarity field in the active System Preset.<br />
You may have not allowed enough peak headroom in the <strong>9400</strong>’s output level setting.<br />
Achieving 125% modulation requires 2 dB of headroom. To achieve 125% positive<br />
modulation, you must therefore set the AOx Out control to +18 dBu or lower, or<br />
the DOx Out control to –2.0 dBfs or lower.<br />
If you have a tube-type transmitter with high-level plate modulation, the modulator<br />
tubes may be flat.<br />
Audible Distortion On-Air<br />
Make sure that the problem can be observed on more than one receiver and at several<br />
locations. Multipath distortion at the monitoring site can be mistaken for real<br />
distortion (and will also cause falsely high modulation readings).<br />
Verify that the source material at the <strong>9400</strong>'s audio inputs is clean. Heavy processing<br />
can exaggerate even slightly distorted material, pushing it over the edge into unacceptability.<br />
The subjective adjustments available to the user have enough range to cause audible<br />
distortion at their extreme settings. Many controls can cause distortion, including<br />
MULTIBAND CLIPPING and FINAL CLIP DRIVE. Setting the LESS-MORE control beyond<br />
“9” will cause audible distortion of some program material with all but the FINE<br />
ARTS presets. Other presets can sometimes cause audible distortion with certain<br />
program material; this is the price to be paid for maximizing coverage in <strong>AM</strong> broadcast.<br />
If you are using analog inputs, the peak input level must not exceed +27 dBu or the<br />
<strong>9400</strong>'s A/D converter will clip and distort.<br />
Unlike earlier digital <strong>Optimod</strong>s, there is no input peak level adjustment<br />
for the A/D converter. Instead, we have provided adequate headroom for<br />
virtually any facility. This is possible because the A/D converter in the<br />
<strong>9400</strong> has higher dynamic range than older designs. Therefore, without