Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
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3-44<br />
OPERATION ORBAN MODEL <strong>9400</strong><br />
One of the essential differences between the HARD and LLHARD bass clipper<br />
modes is that switching between HARD and MED does not change delay<br />
and is therefore less likely to cause audible clicks.<br />
The HARD CLIP SHAPE control (in Advanced Control) offers further control<br />
over the sound of the HARD and LLHARD modes. See page 3-44.<br />
<br />
<br />
MEDIUM uses more sophisticated signal processing than HARD to reduce distortion<br />
substantially.<br />
SOFT uses the most sophisticated look-ahead signal processing to reduce distortion<br />
further. Using SOFT adds an additional 18 ms of delay to the processing.<br />
MEDIUM and SOFT are not available in Low Latency mode. The bass clipping<br />
is always HARD, but the HARD CLIP SHAPE control is still available to<br />
“soften” the clipping.<br />
Speech Bass Clip set the threshold of the bass clipper when the <strong>9400</strong> detects the<br />
presence of speech. It is usually set to “0” to prevent the bass clipper from adding<br />
distortion on speech.<br />
Clip Shape (“Bass Clip Shape”) allows you to change shape of the knee of the Input/Output<br />
gain curve of the bass clipper. The “knee” is the transition between no<br />
clipping and flat topping. A setting of “0” provides the hardest knee. “10” is the<br />
softest knee, where the transition starts 6 dB below BASS CLIP THRESHOLD setting and<br />
occurs gradually. The factory default setting is “7.6.”<br />
HF CLIP (“High Frequency Clipper Threshold”; <strong>AM</strong> chain only) sets the threshold of<br />
the multiband clipper in band 5 with reference to the final clipper threshold, in dB.<br />
This clipper helps prevent distortion in the final clipper when the input program material<br />
contains excessive energy above 3 kHz.<br />
The Band 5 multiband clipper operates at 256 kHz and is fully anti-aliased.<br />
Final Clip (“Final Clip Drive”) adjusts the level of the audio driving the back-end<br />
clipping system that OPTIMOD-<strong>AM</strong> uses to control fast peaks. This control primarily<br />
determines the loudness / distortion trade-off.<br />
Turning up the FINAL CLIP control drives the final clipper and overshoot compensator<br />
harder, reducing the peak-to-average ratio, and increasing the loudness on the air.<br />
When the amount of clipping is increased, the audible distortion caused by clipping<br />
also increases. Although lower settings of the FINAL CLIP control reduce loudness,<br />
they make the sound cleaner.<br />
If the RELEASE control is set to its faster settings, the distortion produced by the<br />
back-end clipping system will increase as the MULTIBAND DRIVE control is advanced.<br />
The FINAL CLIP DRIVE and/or the MULTIBAND LIMIT THRESHOLD controls may have to be<br />
turned down to compensate. To best understand how to make loudness / distortion<br />
trade-offs, perhaps the wisest thing to do is to recall a factory preset and then to adjust<br />
the LESS-MORE control to several settings throughout its range. At each setting<br />
of the LESS-MORE control, examine the settings of the MULTIBAND DRIVE and<br />
MULTIBAND LIMIT THRESHOLD controls. This way, you can see how the factory pro-