Mr. Erik Milito - The House Committee on Natural Resources ...

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WATER MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATED WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURING 7 Source: U.S. Department of Energy (http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/publications/eordrawings/Color/colhf.pdf) Figure 1—Schematic Representation of a Hydraulic Fracturing Operation In addition to water and proppant other additives are essential to successful fracture stimulation. <strong>The</strong> chemical additives used in the process of hydraulic fracturing typically represent less than 1 % of the volume of the fluid pumped (99 % sand and water) during a “hydraulic fracture treatment” and in many cases can be even less (see Figure 3). [13] Chemical additives may consist of acids, surfactants, biocides, bactericides, pH stabilizers, gel breakers, in addition to both clay and iron inhibitors along with corrosion and scale inhibitors. Many of these additives are chemicals generally found in common household and food products, clothing, and makeup with an excellent track record of safe use. [14] While a small number of potential fracture fluid additives (such as benzene, ethylene glycol and naphthalene) have been linked to negative health affects at certain exposure levels outside of fracturing operations, these are seldom used and/or used in very small quantities. Most additives contained in fracture fluids present very low risks to human health and the environment. [15] <strong>The</strong>se additives, along with the characteristics of water in the formation being fractured, can often dictate the water management and disposal options that will be technically feasible. [16] <strong>The</strong> fracturing fluid is a carefully formulated product. Service providers vary the design of the fluid based on the characteristics of the reservoir formation and specified operator objectives. <strong>The</strong> composition of the fracturing fluid will vary by basin, contractor, and well. Situation-specific challenges that must be addressed include scale buildup, bacteria growth, proppant transport, iron content, along with fluid stability and breakdown requirements. Addressing each of these criteria may require specific additives to achieve the desired well performance; however, not all wells require each category of additives. Furthermore, while there are many different formulas for each type of additive, usually only one or a few of each category is required at any particular time. A typical fracture fluid will generally include four to six additives, but could require more or less.
8 API GUIDANCE DOCUMENT HF2 Typical Oil and / or Gas Well Schematic Conductor pipe Surface casing Intermediate casing Production casing Legend Steel casing or pipe Cement Figure 2—Schematic Representation of Hydraulically Fractured Reservoir From a Horizontal and Vertical Well Water and Sand: 99.5% Acid Other: 0.5% Fricon Reducer Surfactant Gelling Agent Scale Inhibitor Source: Chesapeake Energy Corporation, 2009 Figure 3—Typical Fracture Fluid Composition for Hydraulic Fracturing for a Shale Gas Well
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Testimony House <s
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oost domestic production by four mi
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astonishing, with an estimated 17,0
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industry’s development costs thro
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Environmental Protection for Onshor
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Environmental Protection for Onshor
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR ONSHOR
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Hydraulic Fracturing Operations—
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Contents 1 Scope . . . . . . . . .
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Hydraulic Fracturing Operations—W
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HYDRAULIC FRACTURING OPERATIONS—W
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Bibliography [1] Interstate Oil and
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2009 Publications Order Form Effect
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1220 L Street, NW Washington, DC 20
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Contents January 2012 EXECUTIVE SUM
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January 2012 EMPLOYMENT, GOVERNMENT
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January 2012 These
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January 2012 Figure 1: Natural Gas
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1.1 New Federal Drilling Leases Iss
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1.2 Permits to Drill: Down 39% Janu
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1.3 New Wells Drilled on Federal La
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January 2012 2 ADVERSE FEDERAL LAND
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January 2012 3 Economic Projections
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3.1 Overview of Baseline and Altern
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January 2012 TABLE 3 - NET (Alterna
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Page 177 and 178: Bibliography [1] American Petroleum
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PRACTICES FOR MITIGATING SURFACE IM
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PRACTICES FOR MITIGATING SURFACE IM
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2010 PUBLICATIONS ORDER FORM Effect
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Product No. GHF301
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www.woodmac.com Project Background
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www.woodmac.com Key Results ACCESS
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Tax Scenario - Estimated Impacts on
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www.woodmac.com Wood Mackenzie Disc
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Isolating Potential Flow Zones Duri
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Contents 1 Scope . . . . . . . . .
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Isolating Potential Flow Zones Duri
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ISOLATING POTENTIAL FLOW ZONES DURI
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Annex B (informative) Well Planning
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Bibliography [1] Gai, H., Walz, G.,
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THERE’S MORE WHERE THIS CAME FROM
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Economic Impacts of Oil and Gas Dev
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Administration energy strategy is n
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2012 Administration raises the min
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Jobs 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
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30°N 45°N 15°N 45°N 30°N 15°N
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Methodology - Employment Estimation
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mmboed 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 201
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Jobs 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
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$Billion per year 2012 2013 2014 20
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Jobs 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
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$Billion 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2
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Jobs 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
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Mr. Erik Milito - The House Committee on Natural Resources ...

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