Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
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Chapter 9: Surah <strong>al</strong>-Anf<strong>al</strong><br />
‘Ubayd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn ‘Umar> Nafi‘> Ibn ‘Umar who said: “When ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Ubayy died, his son went<br />
to the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, and said: ‘Give me your gown to use as a<br />
shroud for my father, perform the prayer of the dead on him and seek forgiveness for him’. <strong>The</strong> Prophet<br />
gave him his gown and then said: ‘Inform me [when you are ready to bury him] so that I may perform<br />
the prayer of the dead on him’. When he was informed and He was about to perform the prayer, ‘Umar<br />
ibn <strong>al</strong>-Khattab pulled him and said: ‘Did <strong>Al</strong>lah not forbid praying on the hypocrites’ <strong>The</strong> Prophet said: ‘I<br />
have been given the choice to seek forgiveness for them or not to seek it’, and so he performed the prayer<br />
of the dead on him. <strong>The</strong>n this verse was reve<strong>al</strong>ed (And never (O Muhammad) pray for one of them who<br />
dieth, nor stand by his grave) upon which he stopped praying on them”. 27 This was narrated by Bukhari<br />
from Musaddid and by Muslim from Abu Qudamah ‘Ubayd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Sa‘id, and both Musaddid and<br />
‘Ubayd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Sa‘id related it from Yahya ibn Sa‘id.<br />
Isma‘il ibn Ibrahim <strong>al</strong>-Nasrabadhi informed us> Abu Bakr ibn M<strong>al</strong>ik <strong>al</strong>-Qati‘i> ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Ahmad<br />
ibn Hanb<strong>al</strong>> Ahmad ibn Hanb<strong>al</strong>> Ya‘qub>> ibn Ibrahim ibn Sa‘d> his father> Muhammad ibn Ishaq><br />
<strong>al</strong>-Zuhri> ‘Ubayd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn ‘Utbah ibn Mas‘ud> Ibn ‘Abbas who said: “I heard ‘Umar ibn<br />
<strong>al</strong>-Khattab saying: ‘When ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Ubayy died, the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give<br />
him peace, was c<strong>al</strong>led to pray on him. When he stood up in front of the body to perform the prayer, I<br />
moved around until I stood close to his chest and said: ‘O Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, will you pray on the enemy<br />
of <strong>Al</strong>lah ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Ubayy who said such-and-such on such a day and such-and-such on such a day’,<br />
and he counted <strong>al</strong>l the things he had said, <strong>al</strong>l while the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him<br />
peace, kept smiling. ‘When I went on for too long, he said: Move away, O ‘Umar, I was offered to choose<br />
one of two things and I have made my choice; it was said to me (Ask forgiveness for them (O Muhammad),<br />
or ask not forgiveness for them; though thou ask forgiveness for them seventy times <strong>Al</strong>lah will not forgive<br />
them…) [9:80]. If I knew that <strong>Al</strong>lah will forgive them if I were to add more than seventy one times, I will<br />
do so’. <strong>The</strong> Prophet, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, then w<strong>al</strong>ked with him and stood there until he<br />
prayed on the dead and finished with him. I was amazed that I dared to speak with the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah,<br />
<strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, in that way. And <strong>Al</strong>lah and His Messenger know better’. ‘Umar<br />
said: “<strong>The</strong>n, by <strong>Al</strong>lah, only a short while later, <strong>Al</strong>lah reve<strong>al</strong>ed (And never (O Muhammad) pray for one of<br />
them who dieth, nor stand by his grave…), after which the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give<br />
him peace, never prayed on any hypocrite nor did he stand on the grave of any one of them until <strong>Al</strong>lah,<br />
ex<strong>al</strong>ted is He, took him away to Him”. 28<br />
<strong>The</strong> commentators of the Qur’an said: “<strong>The</strong> Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, was<br />
asked about what was done with ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Ubayy and so he said: ‘My gown will not avail him of<br />
anything with <strong>Al</strong>lah. By <strong>Al</strong>lah I did it because I was hoping that a thousand of his people would embrace<br />
Islam’ ”. 29<br />
(Nor unto those whom, when they came to thee (asking) that thou shouldst mount them, thou didst<br />
tell: I cannot find whereon to mount you) [9:92].<br />
This verse was reve<strong>al</strong>ed about the weepers who were seven in number: Ma‘qil ibn Yasar, Sakhr ibn Khunays,<br />
‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Ka‘b <strong>al</strong>-Ansari, ‘Utbah ibn Zayd <strong>al</strong>-Ansari, S<strong>al</strong>im ibn ‘Umayr, Tha‘labah ibn ‘Anamah<br />
and ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Mughaff<strong>al</strong>. <strong>The</strong>se men went to the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give<br />
him peace, and said: “O Prophet of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah, glorious and majestic is He, has recommended that we<br />
go out [to fight for His sake], so carry us with you — even though we wear mended slippers and sewed<br />
sand<strong>al</strong>s — so that we fight with you”. He said to them: “I do not have any mounts on which to carry you”,<br />
upon which they withdrew crying. 30<br />
27<br />
Durr, :258; Tabari, :204-205; Qurtubi, :218.<br />
28<br />
Durr, :258-259; Tabari, :205-206.<br />
29<br />
Durr, :259; Tabari, :206.<br />
30<br />
Cf. Durr, :264; Tabari, :213; Qurtubi, :228.<br />
127