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Chapter 3: Surah Al ‘Imran (O ye who believe! Endure, outdo all others in endurance…) [3:200]. Sa‘id ibn Abi ‘Amr al-Hafiz informed us> Abu ‘Ali al-Faqih> Muhammad ibn Mu‘adh al-Malini> al- Husayn ibn al-Hasan ibn Harb al-Maruzi> Ibn al-Mubarak> Mus‘ab ibn Thabit ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn al- Zubayr> Dawud ibn Salih who reported that Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman said: “O my nephew, do you know the occasion of this verse (O ye who believe! Endure, outdo all others in endurance…)”. “No!” He answered. He said: “At the time of the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, there were no ongoing military conquests in which one could engage. We only had to wait for the next prayer after performing the present one”. 64 Narrated by al-Hakim Abu ‘Abd Allah in his Sahih from Abu Muhammad al-Muzani> Ahmad ibn Najdah> Sa‘id ibn Mansur> Ibn al-Mubarak. 64 Tabari, :222; Durr, :416-417. 67
Chapter 4: Surah al-Nisa’ In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful (Give unto orphans their wealth…) [4:2]. Muqatil and al-Kalbi said: “This was revealed about a man from Ghatafan who had in his possession an abundant fortune which belonged to his orphaned nephew. When this orphan reached the age of puberty he claimed this fortune but his uncle refused to give it to him. As a result they took their dispute to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and then this verse was revealed. When the uncle heard this verse he said: ‘We obey Allah and we obey His Messenger; we seek refuge in Allah from the great peril’, and he handed the wealth over to his nephew. The Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, said: ‘Whoever is saved from the stinginess of his ego and turn it over like thus will abide in Allah’s Garden’. When the youth received his fortune, he spent it in the way of Allah, exalted is He, which prompted the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, to say: ‘The reward is confirmed but the sin still persists’. Some asked: ‘O Messenger of Allah! We know that the reward is confirmed, but how is it that the sin still persists when he is spending his wealth in the way of Allah’ He said: ‘The reward is confirmed for the youth while the sin persists for his father’ ”. 1 (And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans…) [4:3]. Abu Bakr al-Tamimi informed us> ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad> Abu Yahya> Sahl ibn ‘Uthman> Yahya ibn Za’idah> Hisham ibn ‘Urwah> his father> ‘A’ishah who said, regarding the words of Allah (And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans): “This was revealed about any custodian under whose care is a female orphan who possesses some wealth and does not have anyone to defend her rights. The custodian refuses to give this orphan in marriage out of greed for her money, harms her and treats her badly. And so Allah, exalted is He, says (And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans marry of the women, who seem good to you…) as long as they are lawful to you and leave this one”. 2 This was narrated by Muslim> Abu Kurayb> Abu Usamah> Hisham. Sa‘id ibn Jubayr, Qatadah, al-Rabi‘, al-Dahhak and al-Suddi said: “People used to be wary of the wealth of orphans but took liberty with women and married whoever they liked. And sometimes they were fair to them and sometimes they were not. So when they asked about the orphans and the verse (Give unto orphans their wealth), regarding the orphans, was revealed, Allah, exalted is He, also revealed (And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans). He says here: ‘Just as you fear that you will not deal fairly by the orphan, so should you fear that you do not deal fairly by women. Therefore, marry only as many as you can fulfil their rights, for women are like orphans as far as weakness and incapacity are concerned’. This is the opinion of Ibn ‘Abbas according to the narration of al-Walibi”. (Prove orphans…) [4:6]. This was revealed about Thabit ibn Rifa‘ah and his uncle. Rifa‘ah died when his son Thabit was very young. The uncle of Thabit went to the Messenger of Allah, Allah bless him and give him peace, and said: “The son of my brother is an orphan under my care, what is lawful for me from his wealth And when should I give him back his wealth” And so Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse. 3 1 Qurtubi, :8. 2 Tabari, :231-232; Durr, :427. 3 Qurtubi, :34.
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Al-W¥^idÏ’s Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l
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First published in 2008 by Fons Vit
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Asbab al-Nuzul Surah 41: Fussilat 1
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Series Editor’s Foreword The Grea
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In the name of Allah, the Beneficen
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Author’s Introductio Al-Sharif Is
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Author’s Introductio him and give
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Chapter 2: Surah al-Baqarah This Su
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Chapter 2: Surah al-Baqarah Qatadah
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Chapter 8: Surah al-Anfal them’.
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Chapter 9: Surah al-Tawbah (And if
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Chapter 9: Surah al-Anfal that it w
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Chapter 9: Surah al-Anfal plied to
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Chapter 9: Surah al-Anfal surprise.
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Chapter 9: Surah al-Anfal ‘Ubayd
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Chapter 9: Surah al-Anfal (And as f
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Chapter 9: Surah al-Anfal Abraham p
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Chapter 11: Surah Hud In the name o
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Chapter 12: Surah Yusuf In the name
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Chapter 13: Surah al-Ra‘d (… wh
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Chapter 15: Surah al-Hijr (We have
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Chapter 16: Surah al-Nahl (And thos
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Chapter 16: Surah al-Nahl dina, the
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Chapter 16: Surah al-Nahl thought t
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Chapter 17: Surah al-Isra’ glorio
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Chapter 17: Surah al-Isra’ lost l
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Chapter 17: Surah al-Isra’ ‘A
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Chapter 18: Surah al-Kahf (Say: Tho
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Chapter 19: Surah Maryam will be ab
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Chapter 21: Surah al-Anbiya’ In t
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Chapter 22: Surah al-Hajj of conten
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Chapter 23: Surah al-Mu’minun In
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Chapter 24: Surah al-Nur In the nam
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Chapter 24: Surah al-Nur set off fo
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Chapter 24: Surah al-Nur of his tie
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Chapter 24: Surah al-Nur The commen
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Chapter 24: Surah al-Nur mothers or
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Chapter 25: Surah al-Furqan Abi Mu
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Chapter 28: Surah al-Qasas In the n
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Chapter 29: Surah al-‘Ankabut In
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Chapter 30: Surah al-Rum In the nam
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Chapter 31: Surah Luqman him peace,
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Chapter 33: Surah al-Ahzab In the n
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Chapter 33: Surah al-Ahzab Abu Sa
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Chapter 33: Surah al-Ahzab remained
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Chapter 33: Surah al-Ahzab The proo
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Chapter 38: Surah Sad In the name o
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Chapter 39: Surah al-Zumar (Say: O
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Chapter 41: Surah Fussilat In the n
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Chapter 43: Surah al-Zukhruf In the
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Chapter 45: Surah al-Jathiyah In th
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Chapter 48: Surah al-Fath In the na
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Chapter 49: Surah al-Hujurat In the
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Chapter 49: Surah al-Hujurat His cr
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Chapter 49: Surah al-Hujurat scared
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Chapter 49: Surah al-Hujurat (O man
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Chapter 50: Surah Qaf In the name o
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Chapter 53: Surah al-Najm and say t
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Chapter 54: Surah al-Qamar He, reve
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Chapter 56: Surah al-Waqi‘ah Alla
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Chapter 58: Surah al-Mujadilah In t
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Chapter 58: Surah al-Mujadilah said
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Chapter 59: Surah al-Hashr Hazim> A
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Chapter 60: Surah al-Mumtahanah we
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Chapter 61: Surah al-Saff In the na
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Chapter 63: Surah al-Munafiqun In t
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Chapter 63: Surah al-Munafiqun of A
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Chapter 65: Surah al-Talaq In the n
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Chapter 66: Surah al-Tahrim In the
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Chapter 67: Surah al-Mulk In the na
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Chapter 69: Surah al-Haqqah In the
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Chapter 74: Surah al-Muddaththir In
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Chapter 76: Surah al-Insan In the n
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Chapter 81: Surah al-Takwir In the
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Chapter 86: Surah al-Tariq In the n
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Chapter 92: Surah al-Layl him and g
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Chapter 93: Surah al-Duha (Did He n
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Chapter 97: Surah al-Qadr In the na
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Chapter 100: Surah al-‘Adiyat In
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Chapter 105: Surah al-Fil In the na
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Chapter 107: Surah al-Ma‘un In th
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Chapter 109: Surah al-Kafirun In th
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Chapter 111: Surah Tabbat In the na
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Chapters 113 & 114: Surah al-Falaq
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