Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
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Asbab <strong>al</strong>-Nuzul<br />
(Hast thou not seen those who take for friends a folk with whom <strong>Al</strong>lah is wroth… and they will<br />
fancy that they have some standing. Lo! is it not they who are the liars) [58:14-18].<br />
<strong>Al</strong>-Suddi and Muqatil said: “This was reve<strong>al</strong>ed about ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Nabt<strong>al</strong>, the hypocrite who used to<br />
keep the company of the Prophet, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, and then report what he heard<br />
from him to the Jews. As the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, was sitting one day<br />
in one of his rooms he said: ‘Now sh<strong>al</strong>l enter on you a man who has the heart of a tyrant and who looks<br />
through the eyes of the devil’. At that point ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Nabt<strong>al</strong> who was blue of complexion came in.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, said to him: ‘Why do you, and your friends,<br />
insult me’ He swore by <strong>Al</strong>lah that he did not, but the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him<br />
peace, said that he did. <strong>The</strong> man went and brought his friends who then swore by <strong>Al</strong>lah that they did not<br />
insult him. <strong>Al</strong>lah, ex<strong>al</strong>ted is He, then reve<strong>al</strong>ed these verses”. 12<br />
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us> Muhammad ibn Ja‘far ibn Matar><br />
Ja‘far ibn Muhammad <strong>al</strong>-Firyabi> Abu Ja‘far <strong>al</strong>-Nufayli> Zuhayr ibn Mu‘awiyah> Simak ibn Harb> Sa‘id<br />
ibn Jubayr> Ibn ‘Abbas who related to him that the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him<br />
peace, was sitting under the shade of one of his rooms with a group of Muslims from whom the shade<br />
was slowly receding. He said to them: “A man will come to you and look at you with the eyes of the devil.<br />
When he comes do not speak with him!” A man of blue complexion then came. <strong>The</strong> Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah,<br />
<strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, c<strong>al</strong>led him and addressed him: “Why do you and so-and-so and<br />
so-and-so (he named a group of people) insult me” <strong>The</strong> man left and brought <strong>al</strong>l those named and they<br />
swore by <strong>Al</strong>lah and apologized. <strong>Al</strong>lah, ex<strong>al</strong>ted is He, reve<strong>al</strong>ed (On the day when <strong>Al</strong>lah will raise them <strong>al</strong>l<br />
together, then will they swear unto Him as they (now) swear unto you, and they will fancy that they have<br />
some standing. Lo! is it not they who are the liars). 13 This was narrated by <strong>al</strong>-Hakim in his Sahih> <strong>al</strong>-<br />
Asamm> Ibn ‘Affan> ‘Amr <strong>al</strong>-‘Anqari> Isra’il> Simak.<br />
(Thou wilt not find folk who believe in <strong>Al</strong>lah and the Last Day loving those who oppose <strong>Al</strong>lah and<br />
His messenger…) [58:22].<br />
Said Ibn Jurayj: “It was related to me that Abu Quhafah insulted the Prophet, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give<br />
him peace, and as a result Abu Bakr [his son] struck him with such force that he fell to the ground. Abu<br />
Bakr mentioned this to the Prophet, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, who exclaimed: ‘Did you re<strong>al</strong>ly<br />
do it’ Abu Bakr said: ‘Yes!’ ‘In that case do not do it again!’ said the Prophet, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give<br />
him peace. Abu Bakr said: ‘By <strong>Al</strong>lah, if a sword were at my reach I would have killed him!’ And so <strong>Al</strong>lah,<br />
glorified and ex<strong>al</strong>ted is He, reve<strong>al</strong>ed this verse”. 14<br />
It is <strong>al</strong>so related that Ibn Mas‘ud said: “This verse was reve<strong>al</strong>ed about Abu ‘Ubaydah ibn <strong>al</strong>-Jarrah who<br />
killed his father ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah at the Battle of Uhud”. 15 It was <strong>al</strong>so reve<strong>al</strong>ed about Abu Bakr who ch<strong>al</strong>lenged<br />
his own son for a duel at the Battle of Badr. He said: “O Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, let me be among the first<br />
group [of martyrs]”. <strong>The</strong> Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, said to him: “Preserve<br />
yourself for us, O Abu Bakr! Do you not know that you are to me like my hearing and sight”<br />
<strong>The</strong> verse was <strong>al</strong>so reve<strong>al</strong>ed about Mus‘ab ibn ‘Umayr who killed his brother ‘Umayr ibn ‘Umayr at the<br />
Battle of Uhud. And it was <strong>al</strong>so reve<strong>al</strong>ed about ‘Umar [ibn <strong>al</strong>-Khattab] who killed his matern<strong>al</strong> uncle<br />
<strong>al</strong>-‘As ibn Hisham ibn <strong>al</strong>-Mughirah at the Battle of Badr. And it was <strong>al</strong>so reve<strong>al</strong>ed about ‘<strong>Al</strong>i, Hamzah<br />
and ‘Ubaydah who killed ‘Utbah ibn Rabi‘ah, Shaybah ibn Rabi‘ah and <strong>al</strong>-W<strong>al</strong>id ibn ‘Utbah respectively<br />
at the Battle of Badr. Hence His words (even though they be their fathers or their sons or their brethren or<br />
their clan).<br />
12<br />
Qurtubi, :304.<br />
13<br />
Tabari, :25; Qurtubi, :304; Durr, :85.<br />
14<br />
Qurtubi, :307; Durr, :86.<br />
15<br />
Qurtubi, :307; Durr, :86.<br />
222
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