Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
Al-W¥^idÏ's Asb¥b al-Nuz‰l - The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies ...
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Asbab <strong>al</strong>-Nuzul<br />
him and give him peace, said: “Give <strong>al</strong>ms to people of other religions”. 106<br />
Ahmad informed us> ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah> ‘Abd <strong>al</strong>-Rahman> Sahl> Ibn Numayr> <strong>al</strong>-Hajjaj> S<strong>al</strong>man <strong>al</strong>-Makki><br />
Ibn <strong>al</strong>-Hanafiyyah who said: “Muslims used to dislike giving <strong>al</strong>ms to the poor among the idolaters until<br />
this verse was reve<strong>al</strong>ed. <strong>The</strong>y were then ordered to give them <strong>al</strong>ms”. 107<br />
Said <strong>al</strong>-K<strong>al</strong>bi: “<strong>The</strong> Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah went to perform the lesser pilgrimage to make up for the lesser<br />
pilgrimage which he missed the previous year (‘Umrat <strong>al</strong>-Qada’) 108 and had with him Asma’ bint Abi<br />
Bakr. <strong>The</strong> mother of Asma’, Qutaylah, and her grandmother, who were still idolateresses at that time,<br />
came to see her and ask her for help. Asma’ said: ‘I will not give you anything until I consult the Messenger<br />
of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, for you do not follow my religion’. She went and<br />
consulted him about this matter, upon which <strong>Al</strong>lah, ex<strong>al</strong>ted is He, reve<strong>al</strong>ed this verse. <strong>The</strong> Messenger of<br />
<strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, commanded her after the revelation of this verse to give <strong>al</strong>ms<br />
to both of them. She gave them <strong>al</strong>ms and helped them”.<br />
Said <strong>al</strong>-K<strong>al</strong>bi: “<strong>The</strong>re is another way of understanding this verse. It happened that some Muslims had<br />
relatives, in-laws and ties through suckling among the Jews. Because of this, they used to help them before<br />
the advent of Islam. When they became Muslim, they disliked to keep on helping them and wanted<br />
to force these Jews to become Muslim. <strong>The</strong>y consulted the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give<br />
him peace, about this. This verse was reve<strong>al</strong>ed as a response to their consultation, after which the Muslims<br />
continued their help to them”. 109<br />
(Those who spend their we<strong>al</strong>th by night and day, by ste<strong>al</strong>th and openly…) [2:274].<br />
Abu Ibrahim Isma‘il ibn Ibrahim <strong>al</strong>-Nasrabadhi informed us> ‘Amr ibn Nujayd> Muhammad ibn <strong>al</strong>-<br />
Hasan ibn <strong>al</strong>-Kh<strong>al</strong>il> Hisham ibn ‘Ammar> Muhammad ibn Shu‘ayb> Ibn Mahdi> Yazid ibn ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah><br />
‘Arib> his father> his grandfather> the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, who<br />
said: “This verse (Those who spend their we<strong>al</strong>th by night and day, by ste<strong>al</strong>th and openly, verily their reward<br />
is with their Lord) was reve<strong>al</strong>ed about the owners of horses”. <strong>The</strong> Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and<br />
give him peace, <strong>al</strong>so said: “<strong>The</strong> devils will not bewitch anyone who has in his house a noble horse”. This is<br />
<strong>al</strong>so the opinion of Abu Umamah, Abu’l-Darda’, Makhul, <strong>al</strong>-Awza‘i and Rabah ibn Zayd. <strong>The</strong>y said: “This<br />
refers to those who tie their horses for the sake of <strong>Al</strong>lah, 110 they spend on them by night and day, secretly<br />
and in the open. <strong>The</strong> verse was reve<strong>al</strong>ed about those who do not keep horses for pride or as a guarantee<br />
for debts which are deemed impossible to pay back”.<br />
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim <strong>al</strong>-Tha‘labi informed us> <strong>al</strong>-Husayn ibn Muhammad <strong>al</strong>-Dinawari><br />
‘Umar ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah <strong>al</strong>-Nahrawani> ‘<strong>Al</strong>i ibn Muhammad ibn Mahrawayh <strong>al</strong>-Qazwini><br />
‘<strong>Al</strong>i ibn Dawud <strong>al</strong>-Qantari> ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn S<strong>al</strong>ih> Abu Shurayh> Qays ibn <strong>al</strong>-Hajjaj> Hanash ibn ‘Abd<br />
<strong>Al</strong>lah <strong>al</strong>-San‘ani that Ibn ‘Abbas said concerning the verse (Those who spend their we<strong>al</strong>th by night and day,<br />
by ste<strong>al</strong>th and openly…): “This refers to the fodder given to horses”.<br />
<strong>The</strong> correctness of this is evidenced by the report which narrated to us> Abu Ishaq <strong>al</strong>-Muqri’> Abu<br />
Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn ‘Abdus> Abu’l-‘Abbas ‘Abd <strong>Al</strong>lah ibn Ya‘qub <strong>al</strong>-Kirmani> Muhammad<br />
ibn Zakariyya <strong>al</strong>-Kirmani> Waki‘> ‘Abd <strong>al</strong>-Hamid ibn Bahram> Shahr ibn Hawshab> Asma’ bint<br />
Yazid who reported that the Messenger of <strong>Al</strong>lah, <strong>Al</strong>lah bless him and give him peace, said: “Whoever<br />
ties a horse for the sake of <strong>Al</strong>lah, and spends on it seeking nothing but the pleasure of <strong>Al</strong>lah, that<br />
horse’s satiety and hunger, drink and thirst, urine and dung will <strong>al</strong>l be in his b<strong>al</strong>ance of good deeds on<br />
106<br />
Durr, :86-87.<br />
107<br />
Durr, :87.<br />
108<br />
<strong>The</strong> Prophet had tried a year before this to perform the lesser pilgrimage with many of his Companions but the idolaters of<br />
Quraysh prevented him from doing so. However, an agreement was reached between him and Quraysh and they both signed a<br />
treaty, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. One of the clauses of this treaty stipulated that the Prophet would not perform the lesser pilgrimage<br />
on that year but could come back the following year to perform the same and be <strong>al</strong>lowed to stay in Mecca for three days.<br />
109<br />
Cf. Tabari, :94-95.<br />
110<br />
I.e. about those who invest in horses to use them in Jihad for the sake of <strong>Al</strong>lah.<br />
40
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