Impact of Climate Change on Arab Countries - (IPCC) - Working ...

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ARAB ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE 53 FIGURE 4 A COMPARISON OF PERCENTAGE IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF ARAB COUNTRIES % <strong>Impact</strong> (Agriculture) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 FIGURE 5 A COMPARISON OF PERCENTAGE IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON THE WETLANDS OF ARAB COUNTRIES 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Qatar Kuwait UAE Libya Tunisia Egypt Saudi Arabia Iran Morocco Yemen Oman Egypt Algeria Tunisia Algeria Source: Dasgupta et al., 2007 Note: Countries not mentioned did not provide data Libya Oman Morocco Iran Yemen 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m Saudi Arabia Kuwait Qatar UAE % <strong>Impact</strong> (Wetland) Source: Dasgupta et al., 2007 Note: Countries not mentioned did not provide data 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m • Shortage <strong>of</strong> institutional capabilities for management This is truly the main problem, as institutional management capabilities are needed for proper assessment and control <strong>of</strong> pollution as well as other unplanned and illegal activities. There is very limited information on land subsidence, especially in areas where extraction <strong>of</strong> petroleum has been going on for a long time. There is no monitoring <strong>of</strong> ground water salinity or soil salinity. • Low elevation land and land subsidence The spreading <strong>of</strong> low elevation areas on the coastal zone constitutes a major source for the risk <strong>of</strong> inundation. This is a common problem in the Nile Delta region and many <strong>of</strong> the coastal touristic cities such as Alexandria, Benghazi, Casablanca, Jeddah and Dubai. Land subsidence increases this risk, but it is not well monitored in many <strong>of</strong> the coastal areas <strong>of</strong> the Arab coasts where huge extractions <strong>of</strong> oil and gases are taking place.
54 CHAPTER 4 COASTAL AREAS FIGURE 6 COASTAL EROSION CHANGES AS OBSERVED FROM ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE IMAGES MORE THAN 30 YEARS. (CRS-BU, E. Ghoneim - AFED 2009 Report) Special analysis carried out for AFED Report by E. Ghoneim at the Center <strong>of</strong> Remote Sensing, Boston University • Lack <strong>of</strong> data and information The near lack <strong>of</strong> data and information on various aspects <strong>of</strong> vulnerabilities along the coastal zone is another characteristic <strong>of</strong> the region. Very limited time series data are available on extreme events, changing sea level, ground water salinity and land subsidence in the coastal regions. IV. VULNERABILITY OF THE ARAB COASTAL ZONE TO IMPACTS OF CLI- MATE CHANGE Very limited studies <strong>of</strong> the integrated impacts <strong>of</strong> climate change on the Arab coastal zones are available; however, there are a number <strong>of</strong> scattered studies on some cities (e.g. Sestini, 1991; El Raey et al., 1995). In addition, many Arab countries have submitted their initial communications to the UNFCCC with a somewhat preliminary overview <strong>of</strong> their vulnerabilities. However, a recent study carried out by the World Bank for developing countries has stressed the vulnerability <strong>of</strong> the Arab region and has estimated percentage potential impacts <strong>of</strong> sea level rise on countries <strong>of</strong> the region (Dasgupta et al., 2007). Figures 2 through 5 present the results <strong>of</strong> this comparison <strong>of</strong> vulnerabilities <strong>of</strong> various sectors <strong>of</strong> countries <strong>of</strong> the region due to a sea level rise <strong>of</strong> 1m and 5m. While a sea level rise <strong>of</strong> more than 1m is a most unlikely scenario (in this author’s point <strong>of</strong> view), a comparison <strong>of</strong> percentage impacts among certain countries and across sectors in the region is nonetheless very useful to consid-
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Arab Environment: Climate</
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ARAB ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE II
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ARAB ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE V
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ARAB ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE VI
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ARAB ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE IX
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XII INTRODUCTION A number o
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XIV INTRODUCTION nology cooperation
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XVI INTRODUCTION The respondents to
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XVIII INTRODUCTION activities based
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XX INTRODUCTION by climate change.
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XXII INTRODUCTION REGIONAL CLIMATE
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CHAPTER 1 1 Arab Public Opinion and
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ARAB ENVIRONMENT: CLIMATE CHANGE 10
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CHAPTER 9 113 Impact</stron
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CHAPTER 10 121 Impact</stro
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156 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS CNA
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158 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS MENA
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