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We All are Europe - AESAEC

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Module 7 – How to Implement a Project Successfully<br />

different kinds of contractual relationships that these parties can have with each other and the one<br />

opted for may also influence the style of the project management 7 :<br />

1. The Sandwich Structure<br />

Promoter, P 1<br />

P 2 P 3 … P n<br />

The EC stands in a contractual relationship only<br />

with the project’s promoter (Partner 1) and only<br />

between these two parties <strong>are</strong> all responsibilities,<br />

rights and duties concerning the overall<br />

project implementation settled.<br />

The same contractual relationship exists between<br />

the promoter and all other project partners<br />

(P2, P3 …), containing each partner’s rights<br />

and duties in the project. Important is that there<br />

is no contractual relationship between the EC<br />

and the individual project partners.<br />

Examples: multilateral and network project in<br />

the Lifelong Learning Programme.<br />

2. The Primus inter p<strong>are</strong>s Structure<br />

Promoter, P 1 P 2 P 3 … P n<br />

The EC stands in a direct contractual relationship<br />

with all organisations involved in the<br />

project (promoter and partners), and each organisation’s<br />

tasks, rights and duties <strong>are</strong> directly<br />

settled with the EC (mostly represented by different<br />

national agencies). In this structure, the<br />

promoter may, in most cases, also lead the<br />

project but it is not linked with the partners by<br />

a contractual agreement.<br />

Examples: Grundtvig and Leonardo Learning<br />

Partnerships<br />

3. The One for <strong>All</strong> Structure<br />

Promoter, P 1<br />

P 2 P 3 … P n<br />

Here the EC stands again in a contractual relationship<br />

with only the project’s promoter but<br />

the promoter is not necessarily related with the<br />

project partners by a contract. The promoter is<br />

only responsible to the EC for ensuring that the<br />

project is implemented successfully and according<br />

to the programme’s regulations. How<br />

partners contribute to the project, how the<br />

budget is sh<strong>are</strong>d in detail or what happens<br />

when troubles occur between the project group<br />

partners etc. is officially not put into writing<br />

(but could be a matter for individual negotiations<br />

and arrangements).<br />

Examples: Leonardo Mobility Projects, Town<br />

Twinning<br />

7 There is no official terminology for the structures introduced above; all names used here <strong>are</strong> creations by the author and<br />

<strong>are</strong> therefore not commonly known.<br />

119

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