We All are Europe - AESAEC

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tics. Following these basic ideas, the new nation states created during the 19th Century made it possible to develop a real state of law and at the same time secure a state-free environment for the citizen to act individually and collectively. The idea of the independence of a state - also from the church - gained more and more credibility, and the clarification of borders between countries meant that the citizens became more aware of their affiliation to a nation and of the conditions that applied. As a holder of subjective rights they enjoyed protection from the nation state as long as they obeyed the law. 2.1.2. Active European Citizenship (AEC) The hasty development of globalisation, given the achievements made in information technology, the global convergence of the financial markets and the growth in global production has led to nation states losing more and more control over general production conditions and therefore they are limited in their ability to maintain existing welfare levels. The reduction in the importance of the nation state has an impact on our understanding of the concept of citizenship, as since the era of industrialisation it has always been linked with an understanding that it is the nation state that secures the rights that make it possible to practice active citizenship. In line with the rapid pace of globalisation there is a demand that rights are no longer just guaranteed within the nation you live in, but that they are also respected by people in other nations. From being rights of citizenship won by fighting inside the context of a nation state, individual rights are today also secured at the European and global levels. Typically social rights will be secured by the nation state, the rights in relation to the internal market will be guaranteed by the European Union and the UN will guarantee human rights. As a consequence of globalisation the idea of active citizenship needs to be developed on three levels: the national, European and global levels. The citizens of Europe must view themselves not only as British, German, and Italian etc. but also as a European citizen and indeed as a citizen of the world. The increasing globalisation of the world economy contributes to creating a global identity and responsibility. Today we see a common responsibility within the area of ecology in terms of global development. People’s awareness of the Earth’s limited resources and of the menace posed by an uncontrolled development of the market economy threatening the fragile ecological balance is creating a worldwide commitment to our planet. The development of European and global responsibility at both the political and ordinary citizen level could be an important element in the development of the idea of active citizenship. A prerequisite for the development of AEC is that citizens in European countries have a certain mutual sympathy and are interested in what takes place in other European countries, which may hopefully lead to the development of a common European identity. Already today we see many communities with an identity and self-knowledge that extends beyond the national context in which they live. There are communities of people who network across frontiers using IT-technology; however there is still a long way to go before a common European identity becomes a reality. The contents of this part of the training course will focus on the participants’ attitude towards other European countries, pointing out, for instance, which countries are, in their opinion, the most popular and which, on the contrary, are not considered favourably. Moreover, how can one become more engaged in what is going on in other EU countries Reflection / Self-study / Discuss Active European Citizenship is a rather complex concept to explain, especially because it is a hypothetical construct, such as freedom, love or engagement, and there are no generally agreed definitions concerning it. Finally, it is very much dependent on what a person has in mind when speaking about AEC – and there is nothing wrong with that! 46
Module 2 – The Concept of Active European Citizenship and its Relevance for Senior Citizens So what does Active European Citizenship mean to you Do you think that you are already an active European citizen, and if yes, in what context Think of your own opportunities for becoming a more active citizen. Is there anything that prevents you from being more active, such as physical, mental, social or other conditions If there are any barriers, how can they be overcome What role can elderly citizens play in the development of AEC at the local, national and European levels What does the demographic trend with the increasing number of elderly people in Europe indicate in relation to the development of AEC Unit 2 Unit in a nutshell Achievements The role of civil society in the development of AEC Considerations concerning the relationship between the development of civil society and the development of AEC Introduction of a European dimension in voluntary work at the local level After this unit you will be able to: understand the connection between local voluntary work and the development of AEC improve voluntary work in your local area organise voluntary work through proactive networking. It is not always the same thing to be a good man and a good citizen. (Aristotle) Warming up: Play music from other European countries - relax, listen and be inspired! 2.2.1. What is the definition of civil society Listen / Read “The civil society refers to the arena of uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values. In theory, its institutional forms are distinct from those of the state, family and market, though in practice, the boundaries between state, civil society, family and market are often complex, blurred and negotiated. Civil society commonly embraces a diversity of spaces, actors and institutional forms, varying in their degree of formality, autonomy and power”. (The London School of Economics Centre for Civil Society's Working; http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/CCS/ what_is_civil_society.htm) Civil societies are populated by many different organisations, such as non-governmental organisations, community groups, gender organisations, faith-based organisations, associations, trade unions, self-help groups, social movements, coalitions, advocacy groups and many more. 2.2.2. Associations – a framework for voluntary work and citizenship The most common form of organisation in civil society is the association, as it is an easy way of organising voluntary work. Legal, administrative and organisational frameworks for creating an association do vary from country to country, however on the whole it is a rather simple and inexpensive procedure. For example in Denmark, one only needs to set some rules that ensure the association is built on democratic principles, and that there will be a governing board elected from the association’s members. 47
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We All are Europe - AESAEC

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