National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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Robberies can be described as the removal or extortion of any commodity, or any attempt to do so, using violence or under threat of violence, and are perpetrated against people who are located in a sealed-off area or against a planned/organised (security) transport. A robbery is considered to include taking the (daily) proceeds of a business during transport from the business to a home or bank safe, and stealing from a cash machine in a sealed-off area. Ram raids are thefts committed by using particular resources to break through the front of a building or an entrance door to a business or shop. The exact way in which a ram raid is carried out differs from one case to another. The use of (stolen) cars is most widespread, but there have also been cases in which a power shovel was used or where the criminals used explosives to gain access to the loot (‘explosive raid’). 4.6.2 General context Robberies and ram raids include an element of violence that is instrumental to this criminal activity. In robberies the most widely used form of violence is physical violence, in which weapons are used or the criminals threaten to use weapons on the victims. In ram raids the use of violence is aimed at damaging a building in order to gain access. A direct confrontation with victims and the threat of violence associated with such a confrontation are not necessary to carry out ram raids. According to trade associations, the use of violence in robberies has recently increased. The police have also stated that an increasing level of violence is being used against people during robberies. The Landelijk Overvallen en Ramkrakensysteem (LORS: National Robberies and Ram Raids System), which is a database administered by IPOL at the Netherlands Police Agency, shows that between 1994 and 2001 robberies only involved a limited amount of physical violence (usually not more than tying up the victims). Since 2001 there have been more reports of physical violence during robberies. The perpetrators of robberies have used harder methods. The risk of being injured during a robbery has increased in the past two years. Five people were killed in the first six months of 2007, compared to four throughout all of 2006. The material damage to buildings as a result of ram raids in the past has made owners in the potential target group – jewellers, for example – increase the security level of their shops, for instance by placing iron or concrete posts in front of the shop. As a result, criminals now carry out ram raids in between posts using a power shovel or a rubbish container, or break shop windows using heavy manhole covers and hammers. There have also been cases where ram raiders sabotaged patrol cars or blocked off gates to police stations in advance in order to avoid a confrontation with the police. 166 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
4.6.3 Scale Robberies Robberies are recorded in the LORS database. The development of the number of robberies in the Netherlands recorded in LORS for the 2002 to 2007 period is shown in Figure 6. In the past six years the number of robberies fell by 17%; up to 2006 the number of robberies fell constantly (by 27%), but in 2007 the number rose again by 12%. It is still too early to conclude that a new trend has started. Figure 6 Robberies per year, 2002–2007 (absolute numbers) 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: KLPD, IPOL: LORS (National Robberies and Ram Raids System) Even though robberies are often associated with banks and other financial institutions, banks appear to be (far) less regular targets of robberies than retailers and private individuals, for example. This is due to the fact that the security measures at financial institutions are extensive. The rise in the total number of robberies in 2007 can be linked to a rise – compared to the previous year – of robberies at hospitality and catering establishments (+52%), retailers (+22%) and transport companies (+17%). chapter 4 – Supraregional property crime 167
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KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
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Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
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2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
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3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
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5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
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Preface The first National Threat A
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Acknowledgements This National Thre
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phenomena - as well as on societal
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It should be noticed that the organ
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In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
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1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
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For environmental crime, the study
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A conditional threat involves crimi
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forces all made their contributions
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2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
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with the aim of transporting large
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Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
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identity papers. It was impossible
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use currently occurring in various
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An important indicator of heroin pr
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2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
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without being noticed. The harm tha
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Criminals often look for a remote l
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other than BMK and PMK are increasi
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LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
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From the source country onwards, th
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People can also be the victims of i
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Other chemicals will probably be ob
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the expectation that organised crim
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Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
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which is just over 360,000 people.
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A strikingly high number of crimina
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mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
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and Romanians who already work in t
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offences under Section 273f of the
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2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
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2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
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who have been in the Netherlands il
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were registered as being suspected
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It is not known whether the positio
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the weapons are stashed at a safe a
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limited scale of detection of illeg
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The commercial production of images
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in isolation. According to the IPOL
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continued existence of both the pro
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2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
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developments relating to counterfei
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3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
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a separate legal entity takes care
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Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
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Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
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have created more opportunities wit
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Investment fraud is the general nam
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Almost all contacts in advance fee
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The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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Page 120 and 121: competition. In the past this has r
Page 122 and 123: • electronic and electrical appli
Page 124 and 125: Any violation of the EU Regulation
Page 126 and 127: level. Out of a selection of more t
Page 128 and 129: those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
Page 130 and 131: As well as being numerous and compl
Page 132 and 133: consequences of the exporting of th
Page 134 and 135: In recent years, the integration ph
Page 136 and 137: Criminals invest in property togeth
Page 138 and 139: Undermining of the rule of law and
Page 140 and 141: Professionals’ right of non-discl
Page 142 and 143: 3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
Page 144 and 145: Factors related to property crime F
Page 146 and 147: The relative poverty in many Easter
Page 148 and 149: • An elderly lady is working in h
Page 150 and 151: connections between offences cannot
Page 152 and 153: 4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
Page 154 and 155: 4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
Page 156 and 157: audio and video equipment and build
Page 158 and 159: Mainly native Dutch offender groups
Page 160 and 161: However, there are also factors tha
Page 162 and 163: According to the National Vehicle C
Page 164 and 165: Table 8 Development of recorded car
Page 166 and 167: 4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
Page 170 and 171: Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
Page 172 and 173: damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
Page 174 and 175: ‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
Page 178 and 179: 4.8.2 General context The handling
Page 182 and 183: 5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
Page 184 and 185: Scale For years the Netherlands has
Page 186 and 187: make contact with one another. By d
Page 188 and 189: In cases of investment fraud, poten
Page 190 and 191: 1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
Page 192 and 193: The use of violence within criminal
Page 194 and 195: In addition, the financial damage t
Page 196 and 197: However, they were found guilty of
Page 198 and 199: takes them to a counterfeit website
Page 200 and 201: equired to defraud Internet users c
Page 202 and 203: customers. Customers must be on the
Page 204 and 205: Quite often, organised crime does n
Page 206 and 207: for criminal purposes, it is likely
Page 208 and 209: 5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
Page 210 and 211: potential witnesses refused (or wer
Page 212 and 213: eceive protection, as there is alwa
Page 214 and 215: 5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
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6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
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Nederweed In the subreport on canna
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Roma have been reported for committ
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6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
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The use of solvents to extract coca
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on the Internet and growing equipme
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egularly found in suspicious circum
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no capacity is made available for i
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Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
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organisations have access to one or
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at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
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Whenever illegal markets such as th
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Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
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E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
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F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
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J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
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Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
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Netherlands Police Agency
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