National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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organisations have access to one or more legitimate companies via their core members. The current administrative instruments available to the government to prevent criminals from using companies and other legal entities are up to this moment incapable to prevent this practice. The Monitoring of Legal Entities (Revision) Act, which is to be introduced in the near future, can perhaps change this situation. As yet, the misuse of companies and other legal entities appears to determine criminal operations to such an extent that it can be viewed as a necessary condition for their existence. 7.3 Technological developments Society nowadays is dominated more and more by technology and its applications. This also applies to (organised) crime and the fight against it. Many of the reports on which this NTA is based refer to technology and technological developments in one way or another. This may be relatively simple technology, such as domestic security systems, but it can also be complex digital technology that is used for skimming and to forge documents. A few examples will be discussed here. Cloning and growing techniques In cannabis growing both the average yield from the plants and the THC content have increased sharply in recent years due to the use of advanced cloning and growing techniques, some of which come from regular agriculture and horticulture. Also technological innovations are used to light cannabis nurseries. LEDs are considerably more energy-efficient with the same level of lighting. An additional benefit for growers is that energy peaks hardly ever occur anymore and abuse is more difficult to detect. Cocaine-washing facilities Impregnating all kinds of materials with cocaine is a development that requires the availability of techniques to remove the cocaine from the material afterwards. This has led to the relatively new phenomenon of cocaine washing facilities (see section 6.5). Immobilisers Car theft and the fight against it exemplifies how technological development can result in a race. Criminal organisations that commit car theft study new security methods so countermeasures can be taken. Immobilisers have resulted in a spectacular drop in the number of stolen cars, but the downside is that the (organised car theft) market is now controlled by highly specialised 236 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
criminal organisations that are capable of finding solutions to many technological developments. Security techniques In the past decade banks and other financial institutions have invested a lot of money to reduce the number of robberies. This was a success, but it also resulted in displacement. The number of robberies in retail, catering businesses has grown as a result of increased security at banks. For shopkeepers and owners of catering businesses there is a limit to the use of security technology, as these businesses benefit from customer-friendliness and accessibility; extensive security measures do not improve customer-friendliness. Bluetooth and infrared technology Criminal organisations that are involved in skimming use bluetooth and infrared technology. A wireless camera is installed above a cash machine to remotely record the pin numbers entered into the machine. Advanced skimmers use a built-in mobile telephone. This telephone sends the magnetic strip data to a receiver in real time. Thanks to email and text messages (SMS), the bank account is emptied in another country far away within a matter of minutes. Biometrics Unique biometric characteristics, such as fingerprints and iris patterns are used for identification purposes. This makes the transfer of access cards, for example, less effective. On the other hand, it makes it more attractive to use the owners of this type of card for criminal purposes (possibly by forcing them to participate in criminal acts). Internet The Internet, as an example of digital technology, is used in various criminal activities. Phishing, advance fee fraud, distribution of child pornography and handling of stolen goods are well known examples, but there are also many opportunities for money laundering using the Internet (see chapter 6). Nanotechnology In the not-too-distant future, nanotechnology will be introduced on a large scale. On 29 January 2008 the Volkskrant newspaper wrote that in 2004 nanoproducts worth a total of 25 billion euros were sold worldwide; this figure is expected to rise to 450 billion euros by 2010. This could make it possible to gain a definitive technological lead over criminal organisations. But these and similar developments also have a downside. The main downside in this regard is the increasing vulnerability of individuals. Car owners, bank managers, cleaners chapter 7 - reflections 237
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KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
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Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
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2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
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3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
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5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
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Preface The first National Threat A
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Acknowledgements This National Thre
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phenomena - as well as on societal
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It should be noticed that the organ
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In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
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1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
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For environmental crime, the study
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A conditional threat involves crimi
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forces all made their contributions
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2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
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with the aim of transporting large
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Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
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identity papers. It was impossible
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use currently occurring in various
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An important indicator of heroin pr
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2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
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without being noticed. The harm tha
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Criminals often look for a remote l
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other than BMK and PMK are increasi
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LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
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From the source country onwards, th
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People can also be the victims of i
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Other chemicals will probably be ob
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the expectation that organised crim
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Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
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which is just over 360,000 people.
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A strikingly high number of crimina
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mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
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and Romanians who already work in t
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offences under Section 273f of the
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2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
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2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
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who have been in the Netherlands il
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were registered as being suspected
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It is not known whether the positio
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the weapons are stashed at a safe a
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limited scale of detection of illeg
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The commercial production of images
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in isolation. According to the IPOL
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continued existence of both the pro
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2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
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developments relating to counterfei
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3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
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a separate legal entity takes care
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Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
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Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
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have created more opportunities wit
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Investment fraud is the general nam
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Almost all contacts in advance fee
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The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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special investigation services. The
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competition. In the past this has r
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• electronic and electrical appli
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Any violation of the EU Regulation
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level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
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Undermining of the rule of law and
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Professionals’ right of non-discl
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3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
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Factors related to property crime F
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The relative poverty in many Easter
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• An elderly lady is working in h
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connections between offences cannot
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4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
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4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
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audio and video equipment and build
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Mainly native Dutch offender groups
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However, there are also factors tha
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According to the National Vehicle C
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Table 8 Development of recorded car
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4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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Robberies can be described as the r
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Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
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damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
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‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
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4.8.2 General context The handling
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5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
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Scale For years the Netherlands has
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make contact with one another. By d
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Page 190 and 191: 1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
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Page 198 and 199: takes them to a counterfeit website
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Page 202 and 203: customers. Customers must be on the
Page 204 and 205: Quite often, organised crime does n
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Page 208 and 209: 5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
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Page 212 and 213: eceive protection, as there is alwa
Page 214 and 215: 5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
Page 216 and 217: Chamber of Commerce and the municip
Page 218 and 219: 5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 220 and 221: 6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
Page 222 and 223: Nederweed In the subreport on canna
Page 224 and 225: Roma have been reported for committ
Page 226 and 227: 6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
Page 228 and 229: The use of solvents to extract coca
Page 230 and 231: on the Internet and growing equipme
Page 232 and 233: egularly found in suspicious circum
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Page 236 and 237: Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
Page 240 and 241: at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
Page 242 and 243: Whenever illegal markets such as th
Page 244 and 245: Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
Page 246 and 247: E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
Page 248 and 249: F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
Page 250 and 251: J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
Page 252 and 253: Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
Page 259: Netherlands Police Agency
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