National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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Other chemicals will probably be obtained more and more often via supply companies in other EU countries, where inspections are less strict compared to the Netherlands and where less knowledge is present about possible illegal use. The hardware encountered is manufactured industrially and often second-hand. As a result of several successful criminal investigations, certain hardware appears to be more difficult to obtain. As a result, self-manufactured hardware is currently found as well. Hardware may have to be purchased from further away in the next few years – from Asia, for example. The backgrounds of the people involved in synthetic drugs crime are expected to change very little. The Chinese may start focusing more on BMK in addition to PMK, as BMK is also produced in China. In addition, it is also possible that, by tagging along with the increased flow of goods from China to the EU, (assistants and confidants of) Dutch drug producers will be buying precursors directly in China. Dutch Moroccans have recently acquired a position in the trading in precursors and other chemicals. The incidents that occurred and items that were found in the Netherlands in 2006 and 2007 indicate a possible increase in the availability of methamphetamine, which is worrying, as it reduces the barrier to using it. However, not enough information is currently available to make valid statements about these developments. It should also be pointed out that seizures and information obtained in criminal investigations could indicate increased trading in mCPP, LSD and ketamine. The locations of the most important markets are, however, unknown. The popularity of ketamine appears to be increasing among young user groups. If the substance is consumed with alcohol, a dangerous combination is created, which may result in a coma if a large dose is taken. 2.4.7 Conclusion The Netherlands is expected to maintain its leading position as a country that produces synthetic drugs in the next few years. The scale of the synthetic drugs market is considerable, as is shown by use, seizures and the production locations that were found. The consequences vary from physical dangers for laboratory workers involved in production and people living in the vicinity of production locations to liquidations within criminal circles and from loss of reputation suffered by companies and unfair competition to environmental pollution and harm to the reputation of the Netherlands abroad. All in all, the consequences are therefore serious. The vast majority of the activities on this illegal market are related to ecstasy and amphetamine, which is why the production of, trade in 54 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
and smuggling of both ecstasy and amphetamine is a threat for Dutch society in the coming years. As far as the other synthetic drugs such as methamphetamine, LSD, GHB, mCPP and ketamine are concerned, reports recently received may indicate an increase. However, the information is still limited and does not constitute a sufficient empirical basis to formulate expectations for the coming years. The illegal activities relating to the other synthetic drugs will therefore be qualified as a blank spot. Criminal investigations have revealed little information about anabolic steroids, corticosteroids, hormone preparations and similar products. Due to lack of information, the production of, trade in and smuggling of doping substances, considered to be performance-enhancing, is qualified as a blank spot. 2.5 Producing, trading and smuggling cannabis 24 2.5.1 Introduction and scope Three cannabis products will be discussed in this section: Nederweed, Nederhash and so-called ‘exotic hash’. Out of these three products, the focus of this section will mainly be on the production of, trade in and smuggling of Nederweed. Nederweed is a type of marihuana produced in the Netherlands and consists of the dried tips of the female plant, which contain the active substance THC 25 . Nederhash is produced from the plant waste that remains after the Nederweed has been harvested and is formed by pressing together the crystallised resin of the cannabis plant. Exotic hash only differs from Nederhash in terms of origin. The major countries producing exotic hash are Morocco, Lebanon, Afghanistan and Pakistan. 2.5.2 General context Nederweed became popular in the 1990s and acquired an ever increasing market share. An information bulletin from the then National Criminal Intelligence Service (Centrale Recherche Informatiedienst) from 1992 states 24 This section is based on a report prepared for NTA 2008: Dienst IPOL, 2008. Het Groene Goud. Verslag van een onderzoek naar de cannabissector voor het Nationaal dreigingsbeeld 2008. Korps landelijke politiediensten (Netherlands Police Agency), Dienst IPOL, Zoetermeer. The authors of this report are I. Emmett and R. Boers. 25 Tetrahydrocannabinol. chapter 2 – Illegal markets 55
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KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
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Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
Page 6 and 7: 2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 8 and 9: 3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
Page 10 and 11: 5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
Page 12 and 13: Preface The first National Threat A
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgements This National Thre
Page 16 and 17: phenomena - as well as on societal
Page 18 and 19: It should be noticed that the organ
Page 20 and 21: In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
Page 22 and 23: 1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
Page 24 and 25: For environmental crime, the study
Page 26 and 27: A conditional threat involves crimi
Page 28 and 29: forces all made their contributions
Page 30 and 31: 2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
Page 32 and 33: with the aim of transporting large
Page 34 and 35: Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
Page 36 and 37: identity papers. It was impossible
Page 38 and 39: use currently occurring in various
Page 40 and 41: An important indicator of heroin pr
Page 42 and 43: 2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
Page 44 and 45: without being noticed. The harm tha
Page 46 and 47: Criminals often look for a remote l
Page 48 and 49: other than BMK and PMK are increasi
Page 50 and 51: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
Page 52 and 53: From the source country onwards, th
Page 54 and 55: People can also be the victims of i
Page 58 and 59: the expectation that organised crim
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
Page 62 and 63: which is just over 360,000 people.
Page 64 and 65: A strikingly high number of crimina
Page 66 and 67: mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
Page 68 and 69: and Romanians who already work in t
Page 70 and 71: offences under Section 273f of the
Page 72 and 73: 2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
Page 74 and 75: 2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 76 and 77: 2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
Page 78 and 79: who have been in the Netherlands il
Page 80 and 81: were registered as being suspected
Page 82 and 83: It is not known whether the positio
Page 84 and 85: the weapons are stashed at a safe a
Page 86 and 87: limited scale of detection of illeg
Page 88 and 89: The commercial production of images
Page 90 and 91: in isolation. According to the IPOL
Page 92 and 93: continued existence of both the pro
Page 94 and 95: 2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
Page 96 and 97: developments relating to counterfei
Page 98 and 99: 3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
Page 100 and 101: a separate legal entity takes care
Page 102 and 103: Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
Page 104 and 105: Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
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have created more opportunities wit
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Investment fraud is the general nam
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Almost all contacts in advance fee
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The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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special investigation services. The
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competition. In the past this has r
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• electronic and electrical appli
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Any violation of the EU Regulation
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level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
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Undermining of the rule of law and
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Professionals’ right of non-discl
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3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
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Factors related to property crime F
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The relative poverty in many Easter
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• An elderly lady is working in h
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connections between offences cannot
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4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
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4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
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audio and video equipment and build
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Mainly native Dutch offender groups
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However, there are also factors tha
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According to the National Vehicle C
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Table 8 Development of recorded car
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4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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Robberies can be described as the r
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Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
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damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
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‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
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4.8.2 General context The handling
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5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
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Scale For years the Netherlands has
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make contact with one another. By d
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In cases of investment fraud, poten
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1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
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The use of violence within criminal
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In addition, the financial damage t
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However, they were found guilty of
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takes them to a counterfeit website
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equired to defraud Internet users c
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customers. Customers must be on the
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Quite often, organised crime does n
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for criminal purposes, it is likely
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5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
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potential witnesses refused (or wer
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eceive protection, as there is alwa
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5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
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Chamber of Commerce and the municip
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5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
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Nederweed In the subreport on canna
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Roma have been reported for committ
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6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
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The use of solvents to extract coca
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on the Internet and growing equipme
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egularly found in suspicious circum
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no capacity is made available for i
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Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
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organisations have access to one or
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at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
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Whenever illegal markets such as th
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Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
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E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
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F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
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J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
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Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
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Netherlands Police Agency
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