National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1. Enforcement of behaviour In case of enforcement of behaviour people are forced to participate in criminal operations, for example as a courier or as someone who rents out space for cannabis nurseries. Even though this kind of collaboration is usually provided voluntarily for financial reasons, there are situations in which force is used. There are also cases of people being pressurised into ‘keeping their mouth shut’. Another example of the use of violence against the organisation’s own employees is robbing one of the organisation’s own couriers or having him robbed (also called ‘ripping’), whereby the courier is then forced to pay for the financial ‘loss’ incurred. The courier can only pay off this debt by taking on new assignments. Threats are made when the debt is collected. Yet another example consists of the issuing of loans to members at an exorbitant interest rate, which must then be repaid using the income from work for the criminal organisation. Finally, there are reports of people in criminal organisations being threatened when they fail to perform their work adequately. 2. Punishment for damage incurred In the illegal cannabis growing sector, people from whom part of a house is rented to run a nursery are sometimes held responsible for the damage if the crop is lost, regardless of the circumstances. If they fail to pay they are threatened with violence. 3. Revenge in cases of embezzlement and theft When members of criminal organisations are accused of embezzling money from the organisation or of stealing part of a drug shipment, violence is sometimes used to discipline the person in question. Violence between criminal organisations Violence is used between criminal organisations with the aim of improving a competitive position or settling conflicts. One conflict about control in a case of illegal cannabis growing even resulted in a ‘turf war’ between two criminal organisations, which had an intimidating effect on the people in the surrounding area. In criminal circles conflicts about money regularly occur and degenerate into violence as the criminals cannot use regular channels to enforce payment for services provided. Some criminal organisations are not afraid to kidnap members of other criminal organisations (or their relatives or friends) and hold them hostage until the payment (or delivery) has been made. There have also been cases where criminals were hired by others for debt collection jobs. ‘Ripping’ is a striking form of violence among criminals that occurs more and more regularly, especially in relation to drug trafficking. A well-known variant 188 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
is a ‘rip deal’, whereby buyers of a shipment of drugs use violence to take the drugs and leave without paying. There are criminal organisations who are involved in ripping as a secondary activity in addition to their own drug trafficking, but cases have also been reported of criminal organisations that focus primarily on ripping. Rip deals are the most frequently occurring form of violence between criminal organisations. There is extensive use of (heavy) weapons. There are also examples relating to cannabis growing, whereby cannabis nurseries were plundered just before the owners would have started harvesting. Violence is only used in these cases if the owners ‘run across’ the offenders. As a result, owners have started guarding or securing their cannabis nurseries, not to keep out investigating agencies, but to keep out criminal organisations that want to steal the harvest. Every now and then there are reports of (threats of) violence as part of extortion by a criminal organisation. In one case, criminals asked for taxes from human smugglers for access to a port area. The smugglers had to pay the criminal organisation a certain amount per person smuggled (100 euros was mentioned). Otherwise they would not be allowed into the port. Liquidations are another form of violence. A liquidation (or a liquidation attempt) is defined as the use of deadly violence, where the motive is related to one or more other criminal offences. Strictly speaking, a case cannot be designated a liquidation until the crime has been solved. Despite the massive media attention, the number of liquidations appears to be falling rather than rising. A significant number of murder and manslaughter cases in the south of the Netherlands are related to illegal cannabis growing. 5.3.3 Scale Drawing conclusions about the scale of instrumental violence relating to organised crime is difficult. There are few statistics available and the pattern changes somewhat between the various types of crime. In the cases of human trafficking relating to prostitution that were studied, structural violence was used in around 70% of the cases 67 . The use of violence during robberies has increased in recent years. In the past three years the risk of being injured during a robbery has increased by a percentage point every year to over 20% in the first half of 2007. 67 Dienst Nationale Recherche (DNR), 2008. Mensenhandel. Deelrapport Criminaliteitsbeeldanalyse 2007. Korps landelijke politiediensten (Netherlands Police Agency), DNR (National Crime Squad), Driebergen (confidential). chapter 5 – Criminal modus operandi 189
Page 1:
KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
Page 4 and 5:
Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
Page 6 and 7:
2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 8 and 9:
3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
Page 10 and 11:
5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
Page 12 and 13:
Preface The first National Threat A
Page 14 and 15:
Acknowledgements This National Thre
Page 16 and 17:
phenomena - as well as on societal
Page 18 and 19:
It should be noticed that the organ
Page 20 and 21:
In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
Page 22 and 23:
1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
Page 24 and 25:
For environmental crime, the study
Page 26 and 27:
A conditional threat involves crimi
Page 28 and 29:
forces all made their contributions
Page 30 and 31:
2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
Page 32 and 33:
with the aim of transporting large
Page 34 and 35:
Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
Page 36 and 37:
identity papers. It was impossible
Page 38 and 39:
use currently occurring in various
Page 40 and 41:
An important indicator of heroin pr
Page 42 and 43:
2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
Page 44 and 45:
without being noticed. The harm tha
Page 46 and 47:
Criminals often look for a remote l
Page 48 and 49:
other than BMK and PMK are increasi
Page 50 and 51:
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
Page 52 and 53:
From the source country onwards, th
Page 54 and 55:
People can also be the victims of i
Page 56 and 57:
Other chemicals will probably be ob
Page 58 and 59:
the expectation that organised crim
Page 60 and 61:
Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
Page 62 and 63:
which is just over 360,000 people.
Page 64 and 65:
A strikingly high number of crimina
Page 66 and 67:
mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
Page 68 and 69:
and Romanians who already work in t
Page 70 and 71:
offences under Section 273f of the
Page 72 and 73:
2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
Page 74 and 75:
2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 76 and 77:
2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
Page 78 and 79:
who have been in the Netherlands il
Page 80 and 81:
were registered as being suspected
Page 82 and 83:
It is not known whether the positio
Page 84 and 85:
the weapons are stashed at a safe a
Page 86 and 87:
limited scale of detection of illeg
Page 88 and 89:
The commercial production of images
Page 90 and 91:
in isolation. According to the IPOL
Page 92 and 93:
continued existence of both the pro
Page 94 and 95:
2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
Page 96 and 97:
developments relating to counterfei
Page 98 and 99:
3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
Page 100 and 101:
a separate legal entity takes care
Page 102 and 103:
Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
Page 104 and 105:
Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
Page 106 and 107:
have created more opportunities wit
Page 108 and 109:
Investment fraud is the general nam
Page 110 and 111:
Almost all contacts in advance fee
Page 112 and 113:
The structure of a boiler room is d
Page 114 and 115:
caught will increase. Fraudsters su
Page 116 and 117:
a role, namely the fact that superv
Page 118 and 119:
special investigation services. The
Page 120 and 121:
competition. In the past this has r
Page 122 and 123:
• electronic and electrical appli
Page 124 and 125:
Any violation of the EU Regulation
Page 126 and 127:
level. Out of a selection of more t
Page 128 and 129:
those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
Page 130 and 131:
As well as being numerous and compl
Page 132 and 133:
consequences of the exporting of th
Page 134 and 135:
In recent years, the integration ph
Page 136 and 137:
Criminals invest in property togeth
Page 138 and 139:
Undermining of the rule of law and
Page 140 and 141: Professionals’ right of non-discl
Page 142 and 143: 3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
Page 144 and 145: Factors related to property crime F
Page 146 and 147: The relative poverty in many Easter
Page 148 and 149: • An elderly lady is working in h
Page 150 and 151: connections between offences cannot
Page 152 and 153: 4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
Page 154 and 155: 4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
Page 156 and 157: audio and video equipment and build
Page 158 and 159: Mainly native Dutch offender groups
Page 160 and 161: However, there are also factors tha
Page 162 and 163: According to the National Vehicle C
Page 164 and 165: Table 8 Development of recorded car
Page 166 and 167: 4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
Page 168 and 169: Robberies can be described as the r
Page 170 and 171: Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
Page 172 and 173: damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
Page 174 and 175: ‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
Page 178 and 179: 4.8.2 General context The handling
Page 182 and 183: 5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
Page 184 and 185: Scale For years the Netherlands has
Page 186 and 187: make contact with one another. By d
Page 188 and 189: In cases of investment fraud, poten
Page 192 and 193: The use of violence within criminal
Page 194 and 195: In addition, the financial damage t
Page 196 and 197: However, they were found guilty of
Page 198 and 199: takes them to a counterfeit website
Page 200 and 201: equired to defraud Internet users c
Page 202 and 203: customers. Customers must be on the
Page 204 and 205: Quite often, organised crime does n
Page 206 and 207: for criminal purposes, it is likely
Page 208 and 209: 5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
Page 210 and 211: potential witnesses refused (or wer
Page 212 and 213: eceive protection, as there is alwa
Page 214 and 215: 5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
Page 216 and 217: Chamber of Commerce and the municip
Page 218 and 219: 5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 220 and 221: 6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
Page 222 and 223: Nederweed In the subreport on canna
Page 224 and 225: Roma have been reported for committ
Page 226 and 227: 6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
Page 228 and 229: The use of solvents to extract coca
Page 230 and 231: on the Internet and growing equipme
Page 232 and 233: egularly found in suspicious circum
Page 234 and 235: no capacity is made available for i
Page 236 and 237: Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
Page 238 and 239: organisations have access to one or
Page 240 and 241:
at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
Page 242 and 243:
Whenever illegal markets such as th
Page 244 and 245:
Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
Page 246 and 247:
E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
Page 248 and 249:
F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
Page 250 and 251:
J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
Page 252 and 253:
Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
Page 259:
Netherlands Police Agency
show all

National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?