National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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at Schiphol Airport and lorry drivers all have the key to the security system, both literally and figuratively. It is therefore likely that people in those positions will be targets to an increasing degree. When developing practical applications of nanotechnolgy, it is advisable to take into account these undesirable side effects. 7.4 Globalisation and internationalisation NTA 2004 drew attention to the ongoing process of globalisation, which is a process that is still underway. The study of crime-related factors 81 conducted by the Police Academy mentions globalisation and internationalisation as major trends of the utmost importance. Modern means of communication are making the world smaller and more and better means of transportation are being introduced. Due to the emerging economies in China, India and Brazil, improved accessibility of major consumer markets and free-trade agreements, the economy is globalising at a high speed. This is resulting in increased movement of people, goods, services, money and information. The global migration flows are likely to remain at least the same and the trade flows over the entire world are likely to increase. These migration and trade flows offer criminal networks more opportunities to continue, mask and even expand their operations. The speed and extent of traffic make supervision and inspections by government agencies more and more difficult, even more so because supervision and inspections often clash with economic interests. In these circumstances, for example, it is not only possible for human and drug smuggling to flourish, but also for complex transnational financial structures to be set up for money laundering purposes. The expansion of the European Union is an example of internationalisation and international collaboration. Croatia is expected to accede in 2009, Macedonia is on the list and Turkey may well accede in 2015. EU expansion to take in new Member States that have problems with organised crime and corruption may have an impact on potential offenders and victims of exploitation and the trafficking of women. Effective supervision and mutual trust may also be hindered by possible corruption and leaks of information. In this type of climate it is possible that Dutch entrepreneurs who try to set up businesses in these countries will be tempted to engage in corruption, which may have an effect on the integrity of Dutch society. 81 Klerks, P. and N. Kop. Maatschappelijke trends en criminaliteits relevante factoren. Een overzicht ten behoeve van het Nationaal Dreigingsbeeld criminaliteit met een georganiseerd karakter. Politie Academie (Police Academy), 2007. 238 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
On the other hand, EU membership is subject to strict requirements. This also creates opportunities, not only in economic and financial terms, but also in terms of safety and the fight against crime and corruption. For example, the various acceding countries are supported by special EU programmes in their attempts to improve crime prevention and to execute criminal investigations according to European standards. Improved collaboration and information exchange may result in criminal investigations achieving successes quicker. In countries elsewhere in the world the government no longer actually has authority over its entire territory or a blind eye is turned to clandestine activities. These countries may turn into sanctuaries from where criminal organisations can operate freely. Examples of these failed states can be found in Africa and the Middle East, as well as in the Balkans. These sanctuaries may have worldwide harmful effects, including in the Netherlands. The National Crime Squad’s CPA on Cocaine includes examples of Colombian criminal organisations that move to West Africa in order to supply cocaine to Europe from there. Inspections of aircraft and ships by the local authorities are virtually absent. Failed states and other foreign sanctuaries may form a shielded structure of opportunity, including for professional lawbreakers from the Netherlands. Exerting a certain level of influence on a weak government may provide unprecedented opportunities for corruption and use of government facilities, for example, to produce forgeries, smuggle in diplomatic bags and engage in the arms trade. In contrast to these possible threats associated with globalisation, the increased importance given to corporate responsibility should also be mentioned. This resulted in the Code Tabaksblat on corporate governance. The increased focus on integrity is a limiting factor for potential offenders and supervisory regimes. As was already mentioned in the NTA 2004, the development of organised crime reflects the societal changes (p.91, abridged version). 7.5 The Netherlands and abroad The assignment for this NTA consisted of mapping out organised crime and the level of threat it poses to Dutch society. This means that consequences suffered abroad were not considered to determine the level of threat of a criminal phenomenon. This limitation has had consequences for the qualification of the threat level posed by the commercial production of images of child abuse (section 2.9) and by the exporting of scrap vehicles and scrap electrical equipment (section 3.5), for example. Nevertheless, the Netherlands plays a major distributive role on illegal markets. chapter 7 - reflections 239
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KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
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Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
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2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
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3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
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5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
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Preface The first National Threat A
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Acknowledgements This National Thre
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phenomena - as well as on societal
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It should be noticed that the organ
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In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
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1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
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For environmental crime, the study
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A conditional threat involves crimi
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forces all made their contributions
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2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
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with the aim of transporting large
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Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
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identity papers. It was impossible
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use currently occurring in various
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An important indicator of heroin pr
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2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
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without being noticed. The harm tha
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Criminals often look for a remote l
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other than BMK and PMK are increasi
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LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
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From the source country onwards, th
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People can also be the victims of i
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Other chemicals will probably be ob
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the expectation that organised crim
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Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
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which is just over 360,000 people.
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A strikingly high number of crimina
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mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
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and Romanians who already work in t
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offences under Section 273f of the
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2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
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2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
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who have been in the Netherlands il
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were registered as being suspected
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It is not known whether the positio
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the weapons are stashed at a safe a
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limited scale of detection of illeg
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The commercial production of images
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in isolation. According to the IPOL
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continued existence of both the pro
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2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
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developments relating to counterfei
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3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
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a separate legal entity takes care
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Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
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Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
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have created more opportunities wit
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Investment fraud is the general nam
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Almost all contacts in advance fee
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The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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special investigation services. The
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competition. In the past this has r
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• electronic and electrical appli
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Any violation of the EU Regulation
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level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
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Undermining of the rule of law and
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Professionals’ right of non-discl
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3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
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Factors related to property crime F
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The relative poverty in many Easter
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• An elderly lady is working in h
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connections between offences cannot
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4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
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4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
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audio and video equipment and build
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Mainly native Dutch offender groups
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However, there are also factors tha
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According to the National Vehicle C
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Table 8 Development of recorded car
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4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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Robberies can be described as the r
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Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
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damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
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‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
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4.8.2 General context The handling
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5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
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Scale For years the Netherlands has
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make contact with one another. By d
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In cases of investment fraud, poten
Page 190 and 191: 1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
Page 192 and 193: The use of violence within criminal
Page 194 and 195: In addition, the financial damage t
Page 196 and 197: However, they were found guilty of
Page 198 and 199: takes them to a counterfeit website
Page 200 and 201: equired to defraud Internet users c
Page 202 and 203: customers. Customers must be on the
Page 204 and 205: Quite often, organised crime does n
Page 206 and 207: for criminal purposes, it is likely
Page 208 and 209: 5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
Page 210 and 211: potential witnesses refused (or wer
Page 212 and 213: eceive protection, as there is alwa
Page 214 and 215: 5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
Page 216 and 217: Chamber of Commerce and the municip
Page 218 and 219: 5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 220 and 221: 6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
Page 222 and 223: Nederweed In the subreport on canna
Page 224 and 225: Roma have been reported for committ
Page 226 and 227: 6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
Page 228 and 229: The use of solvents to extract coca
Page 230 and 231: on the Internet and growing equipme
Page 232 and 233: egularly found in suspicious circum
Page 234 and 235: no capacity is made available for i
Page 236 and 237: Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
Page 238 and 239: organisations have access to one or
Page 242 and 243: Whenever illegal markets such as th
Page 244 and 245: Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
Page 246 and 247: E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
Page 248 and 249: F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
Page 250 and 251: J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
Page 252 and 253: Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
Page 259: Netherlands Police Agency
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