National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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In cases of investment fraud, potential victims were found to be selected from lists of address details that were sold by corrupt employees of a company. These are Ponzi schemes 63 . Crime-related factors and expectations Most of the crime-related factors stated above in section 5.2.2 also apply to corruption in the business community. Two opposite trends are occurring, which make it difficult to comment on possible future developments. The first trend is the increased emphasis on integrity and the second trend is the increased vulnerability of individuals. There are no good reasons to assume that corruption in the business community will decrease in the coming four-year period. The interest of criminal organisations in help from the inside will remain as strong, or may even increase. The scale of corruption in the business community is therefore expected to stay at least the same. Conclusion For NTA 2008 no separate research was conducted into corruption in the business community. However, the reports on which this NTA is based frequently mention corrupt contacts of criminal organisations within the business community. This justifies the discussion of this subject and its inclusion on the list of criminal activities. However, as no separate research was conducted, there is not enough empirical knowledge to be able to qualify the threat level. As a result, corruption in the business community is designated as a blind spot. 5.3 Use of violence by criminal organisations 5.3.1 Introduction and scope In NTA 2004 various forms of violence were studied and qualified. In the reassessment project, as explained in chapter 1 and in the introduction to this chapter, the following subjects were analysed for NTA 2008 64 : 63 This is a classic type of investment fraud according to the pyramid system: the high returns promised are initially paid using the investments of new victims. Named after the fraudster Charles Ponzi. 64 In the final section a single qualification is assigned to the use of violence by criminal organisations. No qualifications of the level of threat were given to forms of violence separately. 186 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
• instrumental violence 65 : (threatening) physical or psychological violence against people or violence against objects; • violence within criminal organisations: (threatening) violence for a disciplinary purpose; • violence between criminal organisations: (threatening) violence for a competitive purpose. 5.3.2 General context Instrumental violence The purpose of instrumental violence is to intimidate or (temporarily) eliminate people, or to destroy objects in order to obtain goods, services or funds. The use of violence is not always functional; criminals do not always confront their victims directly. In many cases their modus operandi is aimed at avoiding a confrontation, for example, in the case of theft. Instrumental violence does occur, for example, in human trafficking, vehicle theft, robberies and ram raids. In human trafficking, violence is regularly used in combination with an exploitative situation 66 . In vehicle theft violence may be functional in order to obtain the car keys. In robberies the chances of becoming a victim of violence have risen in recent times: according to trade associations the level of violence employed has increased. The police have also stated that more violence is being used against people during robberies. Ram raids obviously involve violence, although it is usually directed against company buildings in the form of bank walls in order to force open a cash machine, or jeweller’s windows, for example. In very rare cases the police are also targeted. Violence within criminal organisations The use of violence within criminal organisations is aimed at enforcing the loyalty of members. Apart from physical violence, fines and deportation to the member’s country of origin are also used as punishments. Motives for the use of violence against the members of criminal organisations include enforcing certain behaviour, punishment for damage incurred and revenge in the case of embezzlement or theft. These motives are explained below. 65 Apart from the source material for this section stated in the introduction, the following report was also used specifically for the description of ‘instrumental violence’: Dienst IPOL, 2008. Georganiseerde, bovenregionale vermogenscriminaliteit. Verslag van een onderzoek voor het Nationaal dreigingsbeeld 2008. Korps landelijke politiediensten (Netherlands Police Agency), Dienst IPOL, Zoetermeer. (The report on supraregional property crime) 66 Dienst Nationale Recherche (DNR), 2008. Mensenhandel. Deelrapport Criminaliteitsbeeldanalyse 2007 Korps landelijke politiediensten (Netherlands Police Agency), DNR (National Crime Squad), Driebergen (confidential). chapter 5 – Criminal modus operandi 187
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KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
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Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
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2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
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3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
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5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
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Preface The first National Threat A
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Acknowledgements This National Thre
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phenomena - as well as on societal
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It should be noticed that the organ
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In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
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1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
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For environmental crime, the study
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A conditional threat involves crimi
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forces all made their contributions
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2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
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with the aim of transporting large
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Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
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identity papers. It was impossible
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use currently occurring in various
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An important indicator of heroin pr
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2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
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without being noticed. The harm tha
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Criminals often look for a remote l
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other than BMK and PMK are increasi
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LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
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From the source country onwards, th
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People can also be the victims of i
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Other chemicals will probably be ob
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the expectation that organised crim
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Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
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which is just over 360,000 people.
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A strikingly high number of crimina
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mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
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and Romanians who already work in t
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offences under Section 273f of the
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2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
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2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
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who have been in the Netherlands il
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were registered as being suspected
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It is not known whether the positio
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the weapons are stashed at a safe a
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limited scale of detection of illeg
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The commercial production of images
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in isolation. According to the IPOL
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continued existence of both the pro
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2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
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developments relating to counterfei
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3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
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a separate legal entity takes care
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Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
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Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
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have created more opportunities wit
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Investment fraud is the general nam
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Almost all contacts in advance fee
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The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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special investigation services. The
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competition. In the past this has r
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• electronic and electrical appli
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Any violation of the EU Regulation
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level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
Page 138 and 139: Undermining of the rule of law and
Page 140 and 141: Professionals’ right of non-discl
Page 142 and 143: 3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
Page 144 and 145: Factors related to property crime F
Page 146 and 147: The relative poverty in many Easter
Page 148 and 149: • An elderly lady is working in h
Page 150 and 151: connections between offences cannot
Page 152 and 153: 4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
Page 154 and 155: 4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
Page 156 and 157: audio and video equipment and build
Page 158 and 159: Mainly native Dutch offender groups
Page 160 and 161: However, there are also factors tha
Page 162 and 163: According to the National Vehicle C
Page 164 and 165: Table 8 Development of recorded car
Page 166 and 167: 4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
Page 168 and 169: Robberies can be described as the r
Page 170 and 171: Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
Page 172 and 173: damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
Page 174 and 175: ‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
Page 178 and 179: 4.8.2 General context The handling
Page 182 and 183: 5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
Page 184 and 185: Scale For years the Netherlands has
Page 186 and 187: make contact with one another. By d
Page 190 and 191: 1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
Page 192 and 193: The use of violence within criminal
Page 194 and 195: In addition, the financial damage t
Page 196 and 197: However, they were found guilty of
Page 198 and 199: takes them to a counterfeit website
Page 200 and 201: equired to defraud Internet users c
Page 202 and 203: customers. Customers must be on the
Page 204 and 205: Quite often, organised crime does n
Page 206 and 207: for criminal purposes, it is likely
Page 208 and 209: 5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
Page 210 and 211: potential witnesses refused (or wer
Page 212 and 213: eceive protection, as there is alwa
Page 214 and 215: 5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
Page 216 and 217: Chamber of Commerce and the municip
Page 218 and 219: 5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 220 and 221: 6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
Page 222 and 223: Nederweed In the subreport on canna
Page 224 and 225: Roma have been reported for committ
Page 226 and 227: 6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
Page 228 and 229: The use of solvents to extract coca
Page 230 and 231: on the Internet and growing equipme
Page 232 and 233: egularly found in suspicious circum
Page 234 and 235: no capacity is made available for i
Page 236 and 237: Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
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organisations have access to one or
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at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
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Whenever illegal markets such as th
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Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
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E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
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F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
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J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
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Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
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Netherlands Police Agency
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