National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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It should be noticed that the organised crime concept used here considers more crime cases relevant than the traditional concept. The research area in this NTA includes both forms of crime that in the Netherlands are referred to as ‘organised crime’ and forms of ‘serious crime’, ‘mid-level crime’ and ‘corporate crime’. The fact that the criminal activities must target financial or material gain means that ideologically motivated crime is excluded from the research area. Not only Dutch trends and developments are important when determining policy priorities, but foreign ones as well. The research will therefore not be limited to the national Dutch context. However, the statements about consequences for society will only refer to Dutch society. The expectations formulated with regard to the near future cover a period of four years, which is the period until the next national threat assessment will be published. 1.5 Preparation 1.5.1 List of criminal phenomena The preparations for the NTA 2008 started in September 2006 when a working party was formed comprising representatives of the National Public Prosecutor’s Office, the National Office of the Public Prosecution Service, the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Justice and Department of International Police Information (IPOL) of the Netherlands Police Agency (KLPD). This working party decided on the objective, the research questions and the potential research subjects. As a starting point for determining the criminal phenomena to be studied and in view of the scope of the research, an overview was made – which was as exhaustive as possible – of primary criminal activities and criminal working methods that are regularly linked to organised crime. This resulted in the following list of criminal phenomena: 1. Human trafficking (exploitation) 2. Smuggling of illegal immigrants 3. Illegal trading in and smuggling of weapons and explosives 4. Trading in and smuggling cocaine 5. Trading in and smuggling heroin 6. Producing, trading in and smuggling synthetic drugs 7. Producing, trading in and smuggling cannabis 8. Producing and distributing child pornography 16 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
9. Producing and distributing counterfeit money 10. Environmental crime 11. Fraud (without money laundering) 12. Crimes against property 13. Money laundering 14. Corruption 15. Use of violence 16. Use of ICT It was then decided to conduct a preliminary study to determine the desirability and feasibility of further research into (parts of) the subjects on the list. The first six subjects on the list were not included in this preliminary study because these subjects are part of the key areas remit of the National Crime Squad (DNR). The National Public Prosecutor’s Office had given DNR the task of preparing a Crime Pattern Analysis (CPA) for each key area in 2007. In other words, further research into these subjects would be conducted by another department anyway. After agreeing on the contents and a schedule, it was decided to use the CPAs on the key areas as the building blocks for NTA 2008 in addition to their own individual objectives. 1.5.2 Preliminary study The preliminary study was conducted in January and February 2007. The desirability and feasibility of further research was determined for the remaining 10 subjects on the list. The desirability was established based on the answers to a number of questions. The main questions were: ‘what is the scope of the criminal phenomenon in question’; ‘what are the current consequences and the consequences to be expected in the near future for Dutch society’; and ‘to what extent is a study feasible’ Due to the time available, the procedure for the preliminary study had to be rough. Recent literature was studied, interviews were held with key figures and open sources such as the Internet were consulted. All of this work was done with the thought that the results of the preliminary study had to be useful to enable a well-considered choice to be made out of the different subjects. Research into a subject was considered to be desirable if the exploratory preliminary study showed that the criminal activities were of an organised nature and serious consequences in the near future could not be excluded. The feasibility study was supposed to ascertain whether investing in independent research into a subject was appropriate in view of the research possibilities within the time available, the possibilities for working with other parties and the possible use of recently conducted research performed by other parties. chapter 1 – Introduction 17
Page 1: KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
Page 4 and 5: Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
Page 6 and 7: 2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 8 and 9: 3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
Page 10 and 11: 5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
Page 12 and 13: Preface The first National Threat A
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgements This National Thre
Page 16 and 17: phenomena - as well as on societal
Page 20 and 21: In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
Page 22 and 23: 1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
Page 24 and 25: For environmental crime, the study
Page 26 and 27: A conditional threat involves crimi
Page 28 and 29: forces all made their contributions
Page 30 and 31: 2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
Page 32 and 33: with the aim of transporting large
Page 34 and 35: Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
Page 36 and 37: identity papers. It was impossible
Page 38 and 39: use currently occurring in various
Page 40 and 41: An important indicator of heroin pr
Page 42 and 43: 2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
Page 44 and 45: without being noticed. The harm tha
Page 46 and 47: Criminals often look for a remote l
Page 48 and 49: other than BMK and PMK are increasi
Page 50 and 51: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
Page 52 and 53: From the source country onwards, th
Page 54 and 55: People can also be the victims of i
Page 56 and 57: Other chemicals will probably be ob
Page 58 and 59: the expectation that organised crim
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
Page 62 and 63: which is just over 360,000 people.
Page 64 and 65: A strikingly high number of crimina
Page 66 and 67: mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
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and Romanians who already work in t
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offences under Section 273f of the
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2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
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2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
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who have been in the Netherlands il
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were registered as being suspected
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It is not known whether the positio
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the weapons are stashed at a safe a
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limited scale of detection of illeg
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The commercial production of images
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in isolation. According to the IPOL
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continued existence of both the pro
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2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
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developments relating to counterfei
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3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
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a separate legal entity takes care
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Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
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Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
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have created more opportunities wit
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Investment fraud is the general nam
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Almost all contacts in advance fee
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The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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special investigation services. The
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competition. In the past this has r
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• electronic and electrical appli
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Any violation of the EU Regulation
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level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
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Undermining of the rule of law and
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Professionals’ right of non-discl
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3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
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Factors related to property crime F
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The relative poverty in many Easter
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• An elderly lady is working in h
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connections between offences cannot
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4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
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4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
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audio and video equipment and build
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Mainly native Dutch offender groups
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However, there are also factors tha
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According to the National Vehicle C
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Table 8 Development of recorded car
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4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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Robberies can be described as the r
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Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
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damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
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‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
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4.8.2 General context The handling
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5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
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Scale For years the Netherlands has
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make contact with one another. By d
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In cases of investment fraud, poten
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1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
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The use of violence within criminal
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In addition, the financial damage t
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However, they were found guilty of
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takes them to a counterfeit website
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equired to defraud Internet users c
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customers. Customers must be on the
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Quite often, organised crime does n
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for criminal purposes, it is likely
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5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
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potential witnesses refused (or wer
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eceive protection, as there is alwa
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5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
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Chamber of Commerce and the municip
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5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
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Nederweed In the subreport on canna
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Roma have been reported for committ
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6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
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The use of solvents to extract coca
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on the Internet and growing equipme
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egularly found in suspicious circum
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no capacity is made available for i
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Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
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organisations have access to one or
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at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
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Whenever illegal markets such as th
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Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
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E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
Page 248 and 249:
F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
Page 250 and 251:
J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
Page 252 and 253:
Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
Page 259:
Netherlands Police Agency
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