National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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who have been in the Netherlands illegally for quite some time. Not everyone is therefore in transit. How or why people ended up here, however, is usually unclear. An unknown number used the services of smugglers. The fact that potential illegal migrants themselves choose to use the services of a human smuggler does not mean that there are never cases of victimisation. During the journey, for example, a smuggler may take too many risks, which leads to dangerous situations for the people being smuggled. This may result in physical injury or even death. In addition, anybody who invests a lot in a smuggling journey and is close to his destination after several weeks will not easily give up. As a result, this person is now in a position of dependency and will be more inclined to agree to dangerous smuggling methods. 2.7.3 Scale Smuggling of illegal immigrants constitutes an illegal services market. We will discuss its scale based on both the people who purchase the illegal services and the people who offer those services, i.e. the smuggled people and the smugglers. Smuggled immigrants There is no reliable record of the number of smuggled immigrants who are intercepted. However, in any attempt to still say something about the number of illegal immigrants smuggled to the Netherlands, the usual method is to analyse the figures for requests for asylum. It is then assumed that some of the asylum seekers managed to reach the Netherlands by using the services of smugglers. Table 3 Total influx of asylum seekers, 2000-2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 43,895 32,579 18,667 13,402 9,782 12,347 14,465 9,750 Source: Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst (IND) (the bureau of immigration and naturalisation) Up to 2004 the influx of asylum seekers fell considerably, before rising slightly and then falling once again in 2007. Estimates vary of the number of people who received assistance from a third party for their journey to the Netherlands, paid a travel free and entered the Netherlands illegally. Around 2004 this was 76 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
apparently true in 80% of the cases, whilst in 2005 and 2006 the proportion was apparently around 40%. In the past four years Iraq, Somalia and Afghanistan were the most frequently occurring countries of origin of asylum seekers. Nevertheless, only two criminal investigations are known to have involved smuggling from those countries in the 2005 to 2006 period. A certain level of insight into the scale of smuggling is also provided by the inspections performed by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee. In the 2005 to 2006 period, for example, teams at Schiphol reported 160 incidents where one or more suspects were arrested in connection with smuggling of illegal immigrants. Apart from at Schiphol, the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee also reported approximately 100 incidents at the border inspection points at Hoek van Holland, IJmuiden, Eindhoven Airport and Rotterdam Airport. Most of the suspects arrested were en route to England. Also, as part of the Mobile Monitoring of Aliens by the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, approximately 300 other incidents were reported near the internal borders of the Schengen area in which suspects were arrested. One category of smuggled people who were especially notable in the 2005 to 2006 period were the unaccompanied minor aliens, who are also referred to as ‘unaccompanied minor asylum seekers’. Mainly Indian and Chinese unaccompanied minor aliens were in the news several times during the research period. The reason was that many of them left the reception centres – where they were awaiting the outcome of their requests for asylum – en route to an unknown destination. Estimates for previous years suggest that the peak in the number of disappearances was in 2001 and 2002, when 2,674 and 1,519, respectively, left for an unknown destination. Since then, the unaccompanied minor aliens regulations have been modified, as a result of which the number dropped remarkable to 199 in 2006. The involvement of human smugglers was suspected in particular in the disappearances of Indian, Chinese and Nigerian unaccompanied minor aliens. In response, various criminal investigations were launched, which revealed that the reception centres for minor aliens in the Netherlands were being misused by human smugglers as stopover points. When they arrived in the Netherlands, the smuggled ‘asylum seekers’ phoned home (often their family) to say that the money could be paid to the smuggling organisation. Criminal investigations found Nigerian unaccompanied minor aliens in the Italian prostitution sector, where they were being exploited by human traffickers. Smugglers The Dutch suspect recognition system (Herkenningsdienstsysteem, HKS) shows that, for 2005 and 2006, 315 and 292 unique people, respectively, chapter 2 – Illegal markets 77
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KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
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Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
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2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
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3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
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5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
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Preface The first National Threat A
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Acknowledgements This National Thre
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phenomena - as well as on societal
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It should be noticed that the organ
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In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
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1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
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For environmental crime, the study
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A conditional threat involves crimi
Page 28 and 29: forces all made their contributions
Page 30 and 31: 2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
Page 32 and 33: with the aim of transporting large
Page 34 and 35: Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
Page 36 and 37: identity papers. It was impossible
Page 38 and 39: use currently occurring in various
Page 40 and 41: An important indicator of heroin pr
Page 42 and 43: 2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
Page 44 and 45: without being noticed. The harm tha
Page 46 and 47: Criminals often look for a remote l
Page 48 and 49: other than BMK and PMK are increasi
Page 50 and 51: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
Page 52 and 53: From the source country onwards, th
Page 54 and 55: People can also be the victims of i
Page 56 and 57: Other chemicals will probably be ob
Page 58 and 59: the expectation that organised crim
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
Page 62 and 63: which is just over 360,000 people.
Page 64 and 65: A strikingly high number of crimina
Page 66 and 67: mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
Page 68 and 69: and Romanians who already work in t
Page 70 and 71: offences under Section 273f of the
Page 72 and 73: 2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
Page 74 and 75: 2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 76 and 77: 2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
Page 80 and 81: were registered as being suspected
Page 82 and 83: It is not known whether the positio
Page 84 and 85: the weapons are stashed at a safe a
Page 86 and 87: limited scale of detection of illeg
Page 88 and 89: The commercial production of images
Page 90 and 91: in isolation. According to the IPOL
Page 92 and 93: continued existence of both the pro
Page 94 and 95: 2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
Page 96 and 97: developments relating to counterfei
Page 98 and 99: 3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
Page 100 and 101: a separate legal entity takes care
Page 102 and 103: Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
Page 104 and 105: Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
Page 106 and 107: have created more opportunities wit
Page 108 and 109: Investment fraud is the general nam
Page 110 and 111: Almost all contacts in advance fee
Page 112 and 113: The structure of a boiler room is d
Page 114 and 115: caught will increase. Fraudsters su
Page 116 and 117: a role, namely the fact that superv
Page 118 and 119: special investigation services. The
Page 120 and 121: competition. In the past this has r
Page 122 and 123: • electronic and electrical appli
Page 124 and 125: Any violation of the EU Regulation
Page 126 and 127: level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
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Undermining of the rule of law and
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Professionals’ right of non-discl
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3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
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Factors related to property crime F
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The relative poverty in many Easter
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• An elderly lady is working in h
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connections between offences cannot
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4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
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4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
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audio and video equipment and build
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Mainly native Dutch offender groups
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However, there are also factors tha
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According to the National Vehicle C
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Table 8 Development of recorded car
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4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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Robberies can be described as the r
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Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
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damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
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‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
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4.8.2 General context The handling
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5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
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Scale For years the Netherlands has
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make contact with one another. By d
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In cases of investment fraud, poten
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1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
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The use of violence within criminal
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In addition, the financial damage t
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However, they were found guilty of
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takes them to a counterfeit website
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equired to defraud Internet users c
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customers. Customers must be on the
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Quite often, organised crime does n
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for criminal purposes, it is likely
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5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
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potential witnesses refused (or wer
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eceive protection, as there is alwa
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5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
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Chamber of Commerce and the municip
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5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
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Nederweed In the subreport on canna
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Roma have been reported for committ
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6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
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The use of solvents to extract coca
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on the Internet and growing equipme
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egularly found in suspicious circum
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no capacity is made available for i
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Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
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organisations have access to one or
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at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
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Whenever illegal markets such as th
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Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
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E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
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F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
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J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
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Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
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Netherlands Police Agency
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