National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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A strikingly high number of criminal caravan camp residents are found among the operators. They control the entire growing process. They set up nurseries both inside and outside the caravan camp, cultivate, cut and dry the plants, and sell the harvest mainly to grow shops, from where they also obtain their gear. In the south of the Netherlands reports state that criminal caravan camp residents focus not only on the production of Nederweed, but also on buying in the regional Nederweed in order to create a monopoly. An undesirable additional circumstance is that the violent reputation of caravan camp residents can also be seen in the cannabis trade. As a result, the involvement of this category of caravan camp residents in the cultivation of and trade in cannabis has contributed to a hardening of the cannabis sector, especially on a regional level. New players in the market The first group of new players on the market consists of Dutch people who enter the market laterally (i.e. from a different area of activity), as shown in the WODC’s third Organised Crime Monitor report. The report describes these lateral entrants as people who are unknown to the police and the judicial authorities. There are also foreign lateral entrants who become involved in the organisation of cannabis cultivation. Various criminal investigations revealed Vietnamese criminal organisations that focussed on the production of, trade in and probably also smuggling of Nederweed. The UK and Belgium also identified Vietnamese criminal organisations that were active on the cannabis market, and British Customs identified unusual drug transports from Vietnam. Apart from lateral entrants, there is also another group of new players active in the cannabis sector, namely criminal organisations that were previously involved in other criminal activities but are focusing more and more on activities in the cannabis sector. These criminal organisations include not only groups of criminal caravan camp residents, but also Turkish criminal organisations that were originally involved in heroin trafficking. The involvement of different types of growers, dealers and smugglers in the cannabis sector and their attempts to gain a position on the market affects the whole sector, which not only include loss of quality of the final product 27 and the use of improper (growing) methods to generate maximum profits, but also a hardening of the sector, increased horizontal violence and involvement with other criminal activities such as the production of, trade in and smuggling of hard drugs. 27 By using herbicides and dangerous additives to increase the weight, for example. 62 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
Another development seen in recent years involves the activities of so-called ‘rip groups’. They specialise in raiding nurseries that have just been harvested. These raids sometimes involve a great deal of violence, which adds to the aforementioned hardening of the cannabis sector. 2.5.5 Consequences for Dutch society Public health Cannabis use has limited negative consequences for a person’s health. The use of cannabis as such has limited physical consequences. Research into the long-term effects of cannabis use among young people has shown that, under normal circumstances, cannabis has no direct relationship with brain defects. However, for certain high-risk groups cannabis consumption definitely affects mental health. Furthermore, frequent and intensive use of cannabis not only involves a risk of mental addiction, but also risks relating to psychosocial functioning. There are vulnerable groups that are more at risk of running into problems. Heavy users of cannabis show behavioural disorders and other behavioural problems more than average, but it should be noted that these issues generally precede the cannabis use and are not a result of it. The rise in the number of intensive and long-term cannabis users is expected to continue in the next few years, especially within the high-risk groups. Most cannabis users suffer no direct harm as a result. Social nuisance Illegal cannabis cultivation is a limited nuisance. The main problems are nurseries in residential areas that cause obnoxious smells in the immediate living environment or create a dangerous situation in the residential district. Non-professional installation of electricity and improperly setting up the nursery may cause a fire hazard or flooding. In Rotterdam the fire brigade is called out twice a month to a fire related to illegal cannabis cultivation. The property will also be damaged if a cannabis nursery is set up there. Illegal cannabis nurseries are mainly located in areas with socio-economic disadvantages, and the areas can become criminalised as a result. These areas are usually run-down and impoverished and there is often tension between residents or between residents and the local government. However, this situation is not caused by the presence of cannabis nurseries. On the other hand, cannabis cultivation in an area with socio-economic disadvantages can promote further criminalisation. Damage to property The organised criminals in the cannabis sector mostly use fraud to launder their money, to enter into a rental contract under false pretences or to take out a chapter 2 – Illegal markets 63
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KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
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Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
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2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
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3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
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5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
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Preface The first National Threat A
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgements This National Thre
Page 16 and 17: phenomena - as well as on societal
Page 18 and 19: It should be noticed that the organ
Page 20 and 21: In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
Page 22 and 23: 1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
Page 24 and 25: For environmental crime, the study
Page 26 and 27: A conditional threat involves crimi
Page 28 and 29: forces all made their contributions
Page 30 and 31: 2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
Page 32 and 33: with the aim of transporting large
Page 34 and 35: Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
Page 36 and 37: identity papers. It was impossible
Page 38 and 39: use currently occurring in various
Page 40 and 41: An important indicator of heroin pr
Page 42 and 43: 2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
Page 44 and 45: without being noticed. The harm tha
Page 46 and 47: Criminals often look for a remote l
Page 48 and 49: other than BMK and PMK are increasi
Page 50 and 51: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
Page 52 and 53: From the source country onwards, th
Page 54 and 55: People can also be the victims of i
Page 56 and 57: Other chemicals will probably be ob
Page 58 and 59: the expectation that organised crim
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
Page 62 and 63: which is just over 360,000 people.
Page 66 and 67: mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
Page 68 and 69: and Romanians who already work in t
Page 70 and 71: offences under Section 273f of the
Page 72 and 73: 2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
Page 74 and 75: 2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 76 and 77: 2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
Page 78 and 79: who have been in the Netherlands il
Page 80 and 81: were registered as being suspected
Page 82 and 83: It is not known whether the positio
Page 84 and 85: the weapons are stashed at a safe a
Page 86 and 87: limited scale of detection of illeg
Page 88 and 89: The commercial production of images
Page 90 and 91: in isolation. According to the IPOL
Page 92 and 93: continued existence of both the pro
Page 94 and 95: 2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
Page 96 and 97: developments relating to counterfei
Page 98 and 99: 3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
Page 100 and 101: a separate legal entity takes care
Page 102 and 103: Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
Page 104 and 105: Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
Page 106 and 107: have created more opportunities wit
Page 108 and 109: Investment fraud is the general nam
Page 110 and 111: Almost all contacts in advance fee
Page 112 and 113: The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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special investigation services. The
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competition. In the past this has r
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• electronic and electrical appli
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Any violation of the EU Regulation
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level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
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Undermining of the rule of law and
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Professionals’ right of non-discl
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3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
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Factors related to property crime F
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The relative poverty in many Easter
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• An elderly lady is working in h
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connections between offences cannot
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4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
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4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
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audio and video equipment and build
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Mainly native Dutch offender groups
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However, there are also factors tha
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According to the National Vehicle C
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Table 8 Development of recorded car
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4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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Robberies can be described as the r
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Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
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damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
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‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
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4.8.2 General context The handling
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5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
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Scale For years the Netherlands has
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make contact with one another. By d
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In cases of investment fraud, poten
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1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
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The use of violence within criminal
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In addition, the financial damage t
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However, they were found guilty of
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takes them to a counterfeit website
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equired to defraud Internet users c
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customers. Customers must be on the
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Quite often, organised crime does n
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for criminal purposes, it is likely
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5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
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potential witnesses refused (or wer
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eceive protection, as there is alwa
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5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
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Chamber of Commerce and the municip
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5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
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Nederweed In the subreport on canna
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Roma have been reported for committ
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6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
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The use of solvents to extract coca
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on the Internet and growing equipme
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egularly found in suspicious circum
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no capacity is made available for i
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Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
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organisations have access to one or
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at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
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Whenever illegal markets such as th
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Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
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E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
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F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
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J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
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Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
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Netherlands Police Agency
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