National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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on the Internet and growing equipment, weed and hash can be purchased online. The Internet also offers detailed explanations of how to set up a cannabis nursery to produce Nederweed. There are promotional videos in which a room is turned into a cannabis nursery step by step. The equipment and materials required to produce Nederhash are also available on the Internet. The manuals are in all kinds of different languages and there are instructional videos on YouTube that show how the equipment works. There are also Internet forums where you can register if you want to start a cannabis nursery. It seems that there are so many people wanting to start a nursery that there is sometimes a waiting list. Data-mining for targets The Internet is also used to obtain information about individuals in order to select targets. ‘Email extractor programs’ can be used to build large databases containing the email addresses of specific target groups. Information can be used to send customised fraudulent ‘special offers’. Speed of action The Internet offers the possibility to take care of business at any time from any random location. The bank card details stolen by skimmers can be immediately sent abroad via the Internet. The information can then be copied to another card and immediately used to empty an account before it can be blocked. Other types of financial transactions can also be quickly carried out and foreign companies can swiftly be incorporated. Money laundering Money laundering using virtual worlds such as Second Life and Project Entropia is a relatively new phenomenon. These digital worlds offer Internet users the possibility to develop all sorts of activities. The activities include doing business together and Second Life, for example, even has its own currency. Participants can use euros to buy so-called Linden dollars with which they can carry out transactions and build up a fortune in the virtual world. The Linden dollars can then be exchanged back into euros. As no taxes are levied in the world of the Internet and few supervision mechanisms exist, this could be an attractive option for fraudsters and money launderers. Despite the fact that the origins of virtual profits are difficult to trace, these virtual profits can be used to account for the assets once they are converted into hard currency. The Linden dollars are not the only example. There are other electronic money applications as well (WebMoney). Criminals can also use digital gambling and poker or online betting on sports events to try to launder money. 228 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
The future The details presented here only provide an insight into a few aspects of the use of the Internet for criminal activities. The Internet plays a role in almost all the criminal phenomena addressed in previous chapters: from the skimming of bank cards by Romanian gangs, the setting-up of cannabis nurseries, and the exchanging of knowledge for stealing luxury cars, to obtaining identity details, illegal copying of video and audio carriers and money laundering in cyberspace. The digitisation of our society will only increase in the near future and, as a result, the use of the digital highway for criminal activities will increase. 6.7 Smuggling via regional and small airports The main logistics hubs for crossing the national borders are Schiphol Airport and the port of Rotterdam. The role of these two ports was addressed in previous chapters in the discussion of drugs, human trafficking, human smuggling, car theft, international waste streams and corruption of public servants. In the context of ‘issuing an alert’, which is the focus of this chapter, Schiphol and the port of Rotterdam do not require any further attention. However, this does not apply to the role of regional and small airports, knowledge about them is still insufficient. In the previous NTA in 2004 the lack of supervision at small airports was pointed out. It was stated that this created opportunities for smuggling. In this section we will reassess the role of regional and small airports 77 in cross‐border criminal activities. This reassessment will be based on the research report on airports that was prepared by the Verwey-Jonker Institute on behalf of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee. 78 The source material for the NTA was also studied for information about smaller ports for pleasure boats and inland shipping. The results of that study will be briefly discussed at the end of this section. Money laundering At airports money laundering mainly occurs in the importing and exporting of cash and shipments of money in parcel post. At all regional airports money is 77 There are six regional airports: Rotterdam, Eindhoven, Maastricht, Groningen and Enschede. The small airports are Seppe, Teuge, Hilversum, Hoogeveen, Lelystad, Texel, Ameland, Midden Zeeland, Budel, Den Helder and Drachten. 78 Goderie, M., I. de Groot & J.C.J. Boutellier. Nationaal Dreigingsbeeld Nederlandse Luchthavens (National Threat Assessment for Dutch Airports). Verwey-Jonker Instituut. February 2008. chapter 6 – alerts 229
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KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
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Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
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2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
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3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
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5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
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Preface The first National Threat A
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Acknowledgements This National Thre
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phenomena - as well as on societal
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It should be noticed that the organ
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In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
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1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
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For environmental crime, the study
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A conditional threat involves crimi
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forces all made their contributions
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2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
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with the aim of transporting large
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Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
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identity papers. It was impossible
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use currently occurring in various
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An important indicator of heroin pr
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2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
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without being noticed. The harm tha
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Criminals often look for a remote l
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other than BMK and PMK are increasi
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LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
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From the source country onwards, th
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People can also be the victims of i
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Other chemicals will probably be ob
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the expectation that organised crim
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Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
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which is just over 360,000 people.
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A strikingly high number of crimina
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mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
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and Romanians who already work in t
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offences under Section 273f of the
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2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
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2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
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who have been in the Netherlands il
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were registered as being suspected
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It is not known whether the positio
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the weapons are stashed at a safe a
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limited scale of detection of illeg
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The commercial production of images
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in isolation. According to the IPOL
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continued existence of both the pro
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2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
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developments relating to counterfei
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3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
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a separate legal entity takes care
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Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
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Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
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have created more opportunities wit
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Investment fraud is the general nam
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Almost all contacts in advance fee
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The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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special investigation services. The
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competition. In the past this has r
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• electronic and electrical appli
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Any violation of the EU Regulation
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level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
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Undermining of the rule of law and
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Professionals’ right of non-discl
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3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
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Factors related to property crime F
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The relative poverty in many Easter
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• An elderly lady is working in h
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connections between offences cannot
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4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
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4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
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audio and video equipment and build
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Mainly native Dutch offender groups
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However, there are also factors tha
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According to the National Vehicle C
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Table 8 Development of recorded car
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4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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Robberies can be described as the r
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Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
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damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
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‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
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4.7.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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4.8.2 General context The handling
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Page 182 and 183: 5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
Page 184 and 185: Scale For years the Netherlands has
Page 186 and 187: make contact with one another. By d
Page 188 and 189: In cases of investment fraud, poten
Page 190 and 191: 1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
Page 192 and 193: The use of violence within criminal
Page 194 and 195: In addition, the financial damage t
Page 196 and 197: However, they were found guilty of
Page 198 and 199: takes them to a counterfeit website
Page 200 and 201: equired to defraud Internet users c
Page 202 and 203: customers. Customers must be on the
Page 204 and 205: Quite often, organised crime does n
Page 206 and 207: for criminal purposes, it is likely
Page 208 and 209: 5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
Page 210 and 211: potential witnesses refused (or wer
Page 212 and 213: eceive protection, as there is alwa
Page 214 and 215: 5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
Page 216 and 217: Chamber of Commerce and the municip
Page 218 and 219: 5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 220 and 221: 6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
Page 222 and 223: Nederweed In the subreport on canna
Page 224 and 225: Roma have been reported for committ
Page 226 and 227: 6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
Page 228 and 229: The use of solvents to extract coca
Page 232 and 233: egularly found in suspicious circum
Page 234 and 235: no capacity is made available for i
Page 236 and 237: Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
Page 238 and 239: organisations have access to one or
Page 240 and 241: at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
Page 242 and 243: Whenever illegal markets such as th
Page 244 and 245: Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
Page 246 and 247: E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
Page 248 and 249: F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
Page 250 and 251: J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
Page 252 and 253: Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
Page 259: Netherlands Police Agency
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