National Threat Assessment 2008. Organised Crime - Politie

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phenomena – as well as on societal factors that affect (or may affect) criminal phenomena. These are described as ‘crime-related factors’. Their effect on the nature and scale of the crime can be facilitating or restricting. Restrictive factors include, for example, crime control efforts such as the intensification of inspections of goods exported to other countries. The key criminal phenomena can be ordered based on three different perspectives: primary criminal activities, criminal working methods and criminal organisations. Primary criminal activities include offences that intrinsically generate income, such as drug trafficking and car theft. The second perspective concerns activities that can be considered as a more or less specific working method or modus operandi, such as the use of violence and corruption. The third perspective includes activities of a certain category of criminal organisations. This perspective encompasses not only aspects of the composition of criminal groups, but also, for example, the nature of the collaboration within one group and between different groups. Finally attention is also paid to the societal consequences of a criminal phenomenon. This means all of the harmful consequences of a criminal phenomenon for Dutch society. The (supposed) causal relationships between factors, phenomena and consequences can be shown in a diagram. Figure 1 The (supposed) causal relationships between crime-related factors, criminal phenomena and societal consequences The (supposed) causal relationships between crime-related factors, criminal phenomena and societal consequences Crime-related factors Criminal phenomenon Societal consequences 1.3 Objective and research questions In accordance with the objective of NTA 2004 and the follow-up study, the objective of the National Threat Assessment 2008 (NTA 2008) is to obtain an insight into: • the nature and scale of (the selected) criminal phenomena in the area of organised crime, 14 National Threat Assessment 2008 – Organised crime
• (the relationship with) relevant background factors to these criminal phenomena (crime-related factors), • social consequences of these criminal phenomena and • future developments as regards nature, scale and consequences. This in order to provide the basis for: 1) determining the primary aspects of policy priorities in the approach by the police and the judicial authorities on a national and (supra-)regional management level (to prioritise) and 2) defining criminal phenomena as blank spots and alert on new and notable criminal phenomena (to signalise) for the next four years. In accordance with the objective, the following general research questions apply to the study into specific criminal phenomena: 1. How did the nature of the criminal phenomenon develop with regard to the way in which these criminal activities are performed 2. How did the scale of the criminal phenomenon develop in terms of the amount of activity (frequency, occurrence, prevalence, scale) 3. How did the nature of the criminal phenomenon develop with regard to the characteristics of people and criminal organisations suspected of being involved in or committing the crime 4. What are the consequences of the criminal phenomenon for Dutch society 5. What crime-related factors exist and to what extent and how do they affect the criminal phenomenon 6. What are the expectations relating to the scale, working methods, criminal organisations involved and social consequences of the criminal phenomenon for the next couple of years 1.4 Scope The research area for NTA 2008 is described as organised crime. This research area covers phenomena of criminal activities that occur (1) in the structural collaboration between people, that are committed with a view to (2) jointly achieving financial or material gain. The characteristic ‘structural collaboration between people’ not only means that they (intend to) regularly commit crimes, but also that there is a degree of consistency in the composition of the criminal organisation involved. chapter 1 – Introduction 15
Page 1: KLPD - IPOL Department National Thr
Page 4 and 5: Publisher: IPOL Department Postbus
Page 6 and 7: 2.3.5 Crime-related factors and exp
Page 8 and 9: 3.4.7 Conclusion 119 3.5 Crime invo
Page 10 and 11: 5.3.1 Introduction and scope 186 5.
Page 12 and 13: Preface The first National Threat A
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgements This National Thre
Page 18 and 19: It should be noticed that the organ
Page 20 and 21: In early 2007 a Supervisory Committ
Page 22 and 23: 1.5.3 Regional Crime Pattern Analys
Page 24 and 25: For environmental crime, the study
Page 26 and 27: A conditional threat involves crimi
Page 28 and 29: forces all made their contributions
Page 30 and 31: 2 Illegal markets 2.1 Introduction
Page 32 and 33: with the aim of transporting large
Page 34 and 35: Demand In 2005 the number of ‘cur
Page 36 and 37: identity papers. It was impossible
Page 38 and 39: use currently occurring in various
Page 40 and 41: An important indicator of heroin pr
Page 42 and 43: 2.3.3 Criminal organisations Three
Page 44 and 45: without being noticed. The harm tha
Page 46 and 47: Criminals often look for a remote l
Page 48 and 49: other than BMK and PMK are increasi
Page 50 and 51: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is
Page 52 and 53: From the source country onwards, th
Page 54 and 55: People can also be the victims of i
Page 56 and 57: Other chemicals will probably be ob
Page 58 and 59: the expectation that organised crim
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2 Number of nurseries disman
Page 62 and 63: which is just over 360,000 people.
Page 64 and 65: A strikingly high number of crimina
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mortgage. Various types of fraud ar
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and Romanians who already work in t
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offences under Section 273f of the
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2.6.3 Scale Exploitation in prostit
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2.6.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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2.7 Illegal immigrant smuggling 30
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who have been in the Netherlands il
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were registered as being suspected
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It is not known whether the positio
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the weapons are stashed at a safe a
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limited scale of detection of illeg
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The commercial production of images
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in isolation. According to the IPOL
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continued existence of both the pro
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2.10.3 Scale In the Netherlands mos
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developments relating to counterfei
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3.2 The public purse: VAT fraud, ex
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a separate legal entity takes care
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Table 6 Misuse of companies in 2000
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Chinese Dutch nationals are reporte
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have created more opportunities wit
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Investment fraud is the general nam
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Almost all contacts in advance fee
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The structure of a boiler room is d
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caught will increase. Fraudsters su
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a role, namely the fact that superv
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special investigation services. The
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competition. In the past this has r
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• electronic and electrical appli
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Any violation of the EU Regulation
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level. Out of a selection of more t
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those used for scrap vehicles. A lo
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As well as being numerous and compl
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consequences of the exporting of th
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In recent years, the integration ph
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Criminals invest in property togeth
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Undermining of the rule of law and
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Professionals’ right of non-discl
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3.6.7 Conclusion The investment of
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Factors related to property crime F
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The relative poverty in many Easter
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• An elderly lady is working in h
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connections between offences cannot
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4.3 Shoplifting 4.3.1 Introduction
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4.3.7 Conclusion As a result of sho
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audio and video equipment and build
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Mainly native Dutch offender groups
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However, there are also factors tha
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According to the National Vehicle C
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Table 8 Development of recorded car
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4.5.5 Consequences for Dutch societ
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Robberies can be described as the r
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Ram raiding Ram raids have been rec
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damage to buildings, etc. In one ca
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‘Organised, supraregional ram rai
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4.8.2 General context The handling
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5.2.2 Corruption of public servants
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Scale For years the Netherlands has
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make contact with one another. By d
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In cases of investment fraud, poten
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1. Enforcement of behaviour In case
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The use of violence within criminal
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In addition, the financial damage t
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However, they were found guilty of
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takes them to a counterfeit website
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equired to defraud Internet users c
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customers. Customers must be on the
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Quite often, organised crime does n
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for criminal purposes, it is likely
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5.7 Counterstrategies 5.7.1 Introdu
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potential witnesses refused (or wer
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eceive protection, as there is alwa
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5.8.2 General context Forgery of do
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Chamber of Commerce and the municip
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5.8.6 Crime-related factors and exp
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6.2 Criminal caravan camp residents
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Nederweed In the subreport on canna
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Roma have been reported for committ
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6.4 Criminal liaisons British crimi
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The use of solvents to extract coca
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on the Internet and growing equipme
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egularly found in suspicious circum
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no capacity is made available for i
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Unlike in 2004, the intertwining of
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organisations have access to one or
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at Schiphol Airport and lorry drive
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Whenever illegal markets such as th
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Appendix 1 Project structure Projec
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E.R. Kleemans Senior Researcher Res
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F. van den Heuvell Analysis Special
Page 250 and 251:
J. ’t Lam Strategic Analyst Natio
Page 252 and 253:
Appendix 2 Overview of qualificatio
Page 259:
Netherlands Police Agency
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