LVXXU

Recommendations

Info

31. The Climate Institute. “Water.” http://www.climate.org/topics/water.html. Accessed February 25, 2015. 32. Department of Energy. “U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather.” 2013. http:// www.energy.gov/downloads/us-energy-sector-vulnerabilities-climate-change-and-extreme-weather. Accessed February 25, 2015. 33. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. “Large Power Transformers and the U.S. Electric Grid.” p. v. June 2012. 34. Parfomak, P.W. “Physical Security of the U.S. Power Grid: High-Voltage Transformer Substations.” p. 7. Congressional Research Service. June 2014. http://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R43604.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2015. 35. National Research Council, et al. “Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System.” Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical Transmission and Distribution in the United States to Terrorist Attack; Board on Energy and Environmental Systems; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. ISBN: 978-0-309- 11404-2. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12050/terrorism-and-the-electric-power-delivery-system. Accessed March 16, 2015. 36. National Research Council, et al. “Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System.” p. 6. Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical Transmission and Distribution in the United States to Terrorist Attack; Board on Energy and Environmental Systems; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. ISBN: 978-0- 309-11404-2. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12050/terrorism-and-the-electric-power-delivery-system. Accessed March 16, 2015. 37. National Research Council, et al. “Terrorism and the Electric Power Delivery System.” Committee on Enhancing the Robustness and Resilience of Future Electrical Transmission and Distribution in the United States to Terrorist Attack; Board on Energy and Environmental Systems; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. ISBN: 978-0-309- 11404-2. http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12050/terrorism-and-the-electric-power-delivery-system. Accessed March 16, 2015. 38. Lloyd’s. “Solar Storm Risk to the North American Electric Grid.” p. 4. 2013. https://www.lloyds.com/~/media/lloyds/ reports/emerging%20risk%20reports/solar%20storm%20risk%20to%20the%20north%20american%20electric%20 grid.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2015. 39. Department of Homeland Security. “ICS-CERT Year in Review.” 2013. https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/ documents/Year_In_Review_FY2013_Final.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2015. 40. Quadrennial Energy Review Analysis: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and Argonne National Laboratory. “Synthesis of Impacts/Disruptive Events on TS&D Infrastructure (Vol 1–3: Electricity, Liquid Fuels, Natural Gas).” 2014 (forthcoming at http://energy.gov/epsa/qer-document-library). 41. Quadrennial Energy Review Analysis: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and Argonne National Laboratory. “Synthesis of Impacts/Disruptive Events on TS&D Infrastructure (Vol 1–3: Electricity, Liquid Fuels, Natural Gas).” 2014 (forthcoming at http://energy.gov/epsa/qer-document-library). 42. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. “Technical Report to the US Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment, Climate Change and Energy Supply and Use.” February 29, 2012. http://www.esd.ornl.gov/eess/ EnergySupplyUse.pdf. Accessed February 28, 2015. 43. Global Change Research Program. “U.S. National Climate Assessment; Southeast Region.” 2014. http://nca2014. globalchange.gov/report/regions/southeast. Accessed February 25, 2015. 44. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. “Technical Report to the US Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment, Climate Change and Energy Supply and Use.” February 29, 2012. http://www.esd.ornl.gov/eess/ EnergySupplyUse.pdf. Accessed February 28, 2015. 45. Global Change Research Program. “U.S. National Climate Assessment; Southwest Region.” 2014. http://nca2014. globalchange.gov/report/regions/southwest. Accessed February 25, 2015. 46. Public Policy Institute of California. “Adaptation of California’s Electricity Sector to Climate Change.” 2008. http:// www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_1108EVR.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2015. QER Report: Energy Transmission, Storage, and Distribution Infrastructure | April 2015 2-45
Chapter II: Increasing the Resilience, Reliability, Safety, and Asset Security of TS&D Infrastructure 47. Department of Energy. “Comparing the Impacts of the 2005 and 2008 Hurricanes on U.S. Energy Infrastructure.” 2009. http://www.oe.netl.doe.gov/docs/HurricaneComp0508r2.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2015. 48. Energy Information Administration. “Market Trends: Natural Gas.” Annual Energy Outlook 2014. May 7, 2014. http:// www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/MT_naturalgas.cfm. Accessed March 31, 2015. 49. Edison Electric Institute. “Before And After The Storm: A compilation of recent studies, programs, and policies related to storm hardening and resiliency.” 2014.; Executive Office of the President. “Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Outages.” August 2013. http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/08/f2/Grid%20Resiliency%20 Report_FINAL.pdf.; Electric Power Research Institute. “Enhancing Distribution Resiliency: Opportunities for Applying Innovative Technologies.” 2013.; ConEdison, Inc. “Risk Assessment for Storm Hardening.” Presentation. 2014. 50. Executive Office of the President. “Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Outages.” August 2013. http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/08/f2/Grid%20Resiliency%20Report_FINAL.pdf. 51. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration. “Resilience Projects in Response to Hurricane Sandy.” September 22, 2014. http://www.fta.dot.gov/15138_16147.html. Accessed March 16, 2015. 52. Consolidated Edison of New York. “Post Sandy Enhancement Plan.” June, 20, 2013. 53. Executive Office of the President. “Economic Benefits of Increasing Electric Grid Resilience to Weather Outages.” p. 13. August 2013. http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/08/f2/Grid%20Resiliency%20Report_FINAL.pdf. Accessed March 2, 2015. 54. Edison Electric Institute. “Before And After The Storm: A compilation of recent studies, programs, and policies related to storm hardening and resiliency.” 2014. 55. State of New York Public Service Commission. “Proceeding on Motion of the Commission as to the Rates, Charges, Rules and Regulations of Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.” Joint proposal of cases 13-E-0030, 13-G- 0031, 13-S-0032, 13-M-0376, 13-M-0040, and 09-E-0428. 2014. http://documents.dps.ny.gov/public/Common/ViewDoc. aspx?DocRefId={3881B193-8115-4BA0-A01A-B8D373D59726}. Accessed March 4, 2015. 56. Zarakas, W. et al. “Utility Investments in Resiliency: Balancing Benefits with Cost in an Uncertain Environment.” Electricity Journal. 27(5). June 2014. p. 31–41. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040619014000967. Accessed February 25, 2015. 57. Drexel, J.M. “Risk Assessment for Storm Hardening.” ConEdison, Inc. Presentation at the Resilient Grid Workshop, Brookhaven National Laboratory, October 16–17, 2014. http://www.bnl.gov/rsg2014/files/talks/Drexel_BNLConEd.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2015. 58. Drexel, J.M. “Risk Assessment for Storm Hardening.” ConEdison, Inc. Presentation at the Resilient Grid Workshop, Brookhaven National Laboratory, October 16–17, 2014. http://www.bnl.gov/rsg2014/files/talks/Drexel_BNLConEd.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2015. 59. Quadrennial Energy Review Analysis: Watson, J.-P. et al. “Conceptual Framework for Developing Resilience Metrics for the Electricity, Oil, and Gas Sectors in the United States.” Sandia National Laboratories. 2014. http://energy.gov/ epsa/qer-document-library. 60. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. “Reliability Standards for Physical Security Measures.” p. 2. Docket No. RD14-6-000, 146 FERC 61,166. (Commissioner Norris, Concurring) p. 3. March 7, 2014. http://www.ferc.gov/ CalendarFiles/20140307185442-RD14-6-000.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2015. 61. Energy Information Administration. “Winter supply disruptions from well freeze-offs can rival effects of summer storms.” Today in Energy. October 6, 2011. http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=3390. Accessed February 25, 2015. 62. Schwartz, H.G. et al. “Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment.” Chapter 5. Global Change Research Program. 2014. http://s3.amazonaws.com/nca2014/low/NCA3_Climate_Change_Impacts_in_ the_United%20States_LowRes.pdf?download=1. Accessed February 25, 2015. p. 133. 2-46 QER Report: Energy Transmission, Storage, and Distribution Infrastructure | April 2015
Page 1 and 2:
QUADRENNIAL ENERGY REVIEW: ENERGY T
Page 3 and 4:
Preface In June 2013, through the P
Page 5 and 6:
Presidential Memorandum The White H
Page 7 and 8:
(xx) the Small Business Administrat
Page 9 and 10:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface..........
Page 11 and 12:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure SPM-1. Age b
Page 13 and 14:
Figure 7-7. Conditions Affecting Li
Page 15 and 16:
Summary TRANSFORMING U.S. ENERGY IN
Page 17 and 18:
same systems (e.g., ports and railw
Page 19 and 20:
Aging Infrastructure and Changing R
Page 21 and 22:
Actions taken in the first term of
Page 23 and 24:
Figure SPM-3. Billion-Dollar Disast
Page 25 and 26:
Key Findings Mitigating energy disr
Page 27 and 28:
Recommendations in Brief To continu
Page 29 and 30:
The potential range of new transmis
Page 31 and 32:
Improve grid communication through
Page 33 and 34:
Undertake a study of the relationsh
Page 35 and 36:
• Doubling the size of the Inland
Page 37 and 38:
Key Findings The United States has
Page 39 and 40:
Promote Caribbean energy TS&D infra
Page 41 and 42:
Recommendations in Brief Improve qu
Page 43 and 44:
• Developing curricula and certif
Page 45 and 46:
(2) the Fish and Wildlife Service I
Page 47 and 48:
Table SPM-2. Examples of Federal Me
Page 50 and 51:
Chapter I INTRODUCTION This chapter
Page 52 and 53:
The requirements that this TS&D inf
Page 54 and 55:
Increases in U.S. Oil and Natural G
Page 56 and 57:
Increased Deployment of Renewable E
Page 58 and 59:
Figure 1-3. Percent Change in Retai
Page 60 and 61:
Climate Science The key conclusions
Page 62 and 63:
Figure 1-7. Change in Annual Averag
Page 64 and 65:
Other actions to deploy low-carbon
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 1-8. Historic and Projected
Page 68 and 69:
Government can build and incentiviz
Page 70 and 71:
Notes: 1. Analyses were conducted w
Page 72 and 73:
Organization of the Remainder of th
Page 74 and 75: Endnotes 1. Edison Electric Institu
Page 76 and 77: 39. Energy Information Administrati
Page 80 and 81: Chapter II INCREASING THE RESILIENC
Page 82 and 83: The Importance of Resilient, Reliab
Page 84 and 85: Figure 2-1. Illustration of Tornado
Page 86 and 87: Continued increases in extreme weat
Page 88 and 89: Weather-Related and Other Reliabili
Page 90 and 91: Drought is also problematic. In 201
Page 92 and 93: Electricity TS&D Vulnerabilities Va
Page 94 and 95: Distribution hardening projects are
Page 96 and 97: Although pipelines above and below
Page 98 and 99: Safety and Methane Emissions from G
Page 100 and 101: Indianapolis’ in 2013 (see Figure
Page 102 and 103: Natural Gas Infrastructure Dependen
Page 104 and 105: • The changing geography of natur
Page 106 and 107: ose to greater than $34 per million
Page 108 and 109: NE MN IA MO WI IL MI IN KY TN OH Gr
Page 110 and 111: Vulnerability of Fuel Supply Disrup
Page 112 and 113: Figure 2-8. Earthquake Vulnerabilit
Page 114 and 115: Liquid Fuel TS&D Dependencies on El
Page 116 and 117: Results from an Argonne National La
Page 118 and 119: QER Recommendations (continued) Sup
Page 120 and 121: QER Recommendations (continued) Ana
Page 122 and 123: Endnotes 1. Government Accountabili
Page 126 and 127: 63. Global Climate Change Research
Page 130 and 131: 131. Quadrennial Energy Review Anal
Page 132 and 133: Chapter III MODERNIZING THE ELECTRI
Page 134 and 135: The Electric Grid in Transition The
Page 136 and 137: esources, including central station
Page 138 and 139: demand; and the costs of alternativ
Page 140 and 141: In the Southwest, transmission buil
Page 142 and 143: Pumped hydro storage currently repr
Page 144 and 145: Resilience investments can require
Page 146 and 147: Communication with Customer Devices
Page 148 and 149: and maintenance of the interconnect
Page 150 and 151: technical experts to develop a set
Page 152 and 153: Table 3-2. Taxonomy of Utility Busi
Page 154 and 155: Figure 3-6. Select Electricity Juri
Page 156 and 157: QER Recommendations The Administrat
Page 158 and 159: QER Recommendations (continued) Coo
Page 160 and 161: RECOMMENDATIONS IN BRIEF: Modernizi
Page 164 and 165: 48. North American Electric Reliabi
Page 166 and 167: Chapter IV MODERNIZING U.S. ENERGY
Page 168 and 169: A Broad and Collective View of Ener
Page 170 and 171: States was forecast to become highl
Page 172 and 173: Changing Global and Domestic Oil Ma
Page 174 and 175:
QER Recommendations SPR MODERNIZATI
Page 176 and 177:
Biofuels and TS&D Infrastructure Is
Page 178 and 179:
QER Recommendations TS&D INFRASTRUC
Page 180 and 181:
The United States and Canada share
Page 182 and 183:
Endnotes 1. Foreign Affairs, Trade
Page 185 and 186:
Chapter V IMPROVING SHARED TRANSPOR
Page 187 and 188:
Increased Use of Shared Transport I
Page 189 and 190:
There are several reasons for this
Page 191 and 192:
Congestion and Competition among Co
Page 193 and 194:
Coal Transportation by Rail Coal re
Page 195 and 196:
Ethanol Transportation by Rail Etha
Page 197 and 198:
QER Recommendations RAIL TRANSPORT
Page 199 and 200:
Figure 5-6. Annual Refinery Receipt
Page 201 and 202:
Funding mechanisms for maintaining
Page 203 and 204:
Inland shippers that want to move a
Page 205 and 206:
DOT reports that connecting roads t
Page 207 and 208:
Uncertainty in U.S. Coal Exports U.
Page 209 and 210:
capacities of 1.5 MW to 2.5 MW, 103
Page 211 and 212:
QER Recommendations PORTS, HARBORS
Page 213 and 214:
QER Recommendations (continued) MOD
Page 215 and 216:
Endnotes 1. Department of Agricultu
Page 217 and 218:
39. Quadrennial Energy Review Analy
Page 219 and 220:
75. Army Corps of Engineers, Planni
Page 221 and 222:
111. Department of Energy. “Wind
Page 223 and 224:
Chapter VI INTEGRATING NORTH AMERIC
Page 225 and 226:
Benefits of North American Energy S
Page 227 and 228:
TS&D infrastructure already plays a
Page 229 and 230:
for electric transmission facilitie
Page 231 and 232:
35, 36 Figure 6-5. U.S. Natural Gas
Page 233 and 234:
pumped hydropower storage could pro
Page 235 and 236:
QER Recommendations NORTH AMERICAN
Page 237 and 238:
Administration Activities and Plans
Page 239 and 240:
Risk and Resilience in the Caribbea
Page 241 and 242:
QER Recommendations CARIBBEAN ENERG
Page 243 and 244:
Endnotes 1. Molburg, J.C., J.A. Kav
Page 245 and 246:
35. Energy Information Administrati
Page 247 and 248:
Chapter VI: Integrating North Ameri
Page 249 and 250:
Chapter VII: Addressing Environment
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Chapter VIII: Enhancing Employment
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Chapter IX: Siting and Permitting o
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
9-26 QER Report: Energy Transmi
Page 325 and 326:
Chapter X: Analytical and Stakehold
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347:
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND UNITS APE - Ar
show all

LVXXU

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?