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Chapter V: Improving Shared Transport Infrastructures 93. Quadrennial Energy Review Analysis: Mintz, M., C. Saricks and A. Vyas. “Coal-by-Rail Business-as-Usual Reference Case.” Argonne National Laboratory. February 2015. http://energy.gov/epsa/qer-document-library. 94. Quadrennial Energy Review Analysis: Mintz, M., C. Saricks and A. Vyas. “Coal-by-Rail Business-as-Usual Reference Case.” Argonne National Laboratory. February 2015. http://energy.gov/epsa/qer-document-library. 95. Tolliver, D. “Transportation Systems for Oil & Gas Development: Case Study of the Bakken Shale.” NDSU Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, 93rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. January 2014. http://cta.ornl.gov/TRBenergy/trb_documents/2014_presentations/238_Tolliver.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2015. 96. Energy Information Administration. “Refinery Receipts of Crude Oil by Method of Transportation.” June 25, 2014. http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_caprec_dcu_nus_a.htm. Accessed January 30, 2015. 97. Olszewski, M. “The Trucker Shortage Just Got Interesting,” Teletrac. September 9, 2013. http://www.teletrac.com/fleetmanagement/topics/driver-shortage-energy-industry. Accessed April 3, 2015. 98. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. “Waterborne Freight Transportation – Bottom Line Report.” June 2013. http://water.transportation.org/Pages/water_reports.aspx. Accessed April 3, 2015. 99. University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering, National Center for Freight & Infrastructure Research & Education. “Transportation Impacts of Frac Sand Mining in the MAFC Region: Chippewa County Case Study White Paper Series: 2013.” http://midamericafreight.org/wp-content/ uploads/FracSandWhitePaperDRAFT.pdf. Accessed April 2, 2015. 100. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. “Supply Chain and Blade Manufacturing Considerations in the Global Wind Industry.” Presentation by Ted James and Alan Goodrich. December 2013. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60063. pdf. Accessed April 3, 2015. 101. American Institute of Marine Underwriters Technical Services Committee. “Wind Turbine Paper.” January 2012. http://www.aimu.org/aimupapers/AIMUWindTurbinefinal7.24.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2015. 102. Department of Energy. “Wind Vision Report: Chapter 2- Wind Technology and Performance.” 2015. http://www. energy.gov/windvision. Accessed March 24, 2015. 103. Business Wire. “Research and Markets: Wind Turbine Rotor Blade Market by Material & Blade Size - Global Trends and Forecasts to 2019.” January 12, 2015. http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150112005313/en/Research- Markets-Wind-Turbine-Rotor-Blade-Market. Accessed April 3, 2015. 104. Department of Energy. “Wind Vision Report: Chapter 2- Wind Technology and Performance.” 2015. http://www. energy.gov/windvision. Accessed March 24, 2015. 105. Department of Energy. “Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States.” Chapter 2. March 2015. http:// www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/wv_chapter2_wind_power_in_the_united_states.pdf. Accessed March 24, 2015. 106. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. “Supply Chain and Blade Manufacturing Considerations in the Global Wind Industry.” Presentation by Ted James and Alan Goodrich. December 2013. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60063. pdf. Accessed April 3, 2015 107. Department of Energy. “Wind Vision Report: Chapter 2- Wind Technology and Performance.” 2015. http://www. energy.gov/windvision. Accessed March 24, 2015. 108. American Wind Energy Association. “Anatomy of Wind Turbine.” http://www.awea.org/Issues/Content. aspx?ItemNumber=5083. Accessed March 24, 2015. 109. Department of Energy. “Wind Vision Report: Chapter 2- Wind Technology and Performance.” 2015. http://www. energy.gov/windvision. Accessed March 24, 2015. 110. J. Cotrell, T. Stehley, J. Johnson, J.O. Roberts, Z. Parker, G. Scott, and D. Heimiller. “Analysis of Transportation and Logistics Challenges Affecting the Deployment of Larger Wind Turbines: Summary of Results.” National Renewable Energy Laboratory. January 2014. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/61063.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2015 5-36 QER Report: Energy Transmission, Storage, and Distribution Infrastructure | April 2015
111. Department of Energy. “Wind Vision Report: Chapter 2- Wind Technology and Performance.” 2015. http://www. energy.gov/windvision. Accessed March 24, 2015. 112. Department of Energy. “Large Power Transformers and the U.S. Electric Grid.” June 2012. http://energy.gov/sites/prod/ files/Large%20Power%20Transformer%20Study%20-%20June%202012_0.pdf. Accessed March 24, 2015. 113. Pentland, W. “Schnabel Cars: Another Reason Large-Power Transformers Are The Weakest Link In The Bulk Power Grid.” Forbes Magazine. May 5, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/williampentland/2014/05/05/schnabel-cars-anotherreason-large-power-transformers-are-the-weakest-link-in-the-bulk-power-grid/. Accessed April 3, 2015 114. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, “Large Power Transformers and the U.S. Electric Grid,” June 2012, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/Large%20Power%20Transformer%20Study%20-%20 June%202012_0.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2015 115. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center For Transportation Analysis. “Freight Analysis Framework.” February 24, 2015. http://faf.ornl.gov/fafweb/Default.aspx. Accessed February 24, 2015. 116. Census Bureau. “Commodity Flow Survey.” http://www.census.gov/econ/cfs/. Accessed February 24, 2015. QER Report: Energy Transmission, Storage, and Distribution Infrastructure | April 2015 5-37
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QUADRENNIAL ENERGY REVIEW: ENERGY T
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Preface In June 2013, through the P
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Presidential Memorandum The White H
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(xx) the Small Business Administrat
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface..........
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure SPM-1. Age b
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Figure 7-7. Conditions Affecting Li
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Summary TRANSFORMING U.S. ENERGY IN
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same systems (e.g., ports and railw
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Aging Infrastructure and Changing R
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Actions taken in the first term of
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Figure SPM-3. Billion-Dollar Disast
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Key Findings Mitigating energy disr
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Recommendations in Brief To continu
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The potential range of new transmis
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Improve grid communication through
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Undertake a study of the relationsh
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• Doubling the size of the Inland
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Key Findings The United States has
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Promote Caribbean energy TS&D infra
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Recommendations in Brief Improve qu
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• Developing curricula and certif
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(2) the Fish and Wildlife Service I
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Table SPM-2. Examples of Federal Me
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Chapter I INTRODUCTION This chapter
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The requirements that this TS&D inf
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Increases in U.S. Oil and Natural G
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Increased Deployment of Renewable E
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Figure 1-3. Percent Change in Retai
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Climate Science The key conclusions
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Figure 1-7. Change in Annual Averag
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Other actions to deploy low-carbon
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Figure 1-8. Historic and Projected
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Government can build and incentiviz
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Notes: 1. Analyses were conducted w
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Organization of the Remainder of th
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Endnotes 1. Edison Electric Institu
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39. Energy Information Administrati
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Chapter II INCREASING THE RESILIENC
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The Importance of Resilient, Reliab
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Figure 2-1. Illustration of Tornado
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Continued increases in extreme weat
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Weather-Related and Other Reliabili
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Drought is also problematic. In 201
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Electricity TS&D Vulnerabilities Va
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Distribution hardening projects are
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Although pipelines above and below
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Safety and Methane Emissions from G
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Indianapolis’ in 2013 (see Figure
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Natural Gas Infrastructure Dependen
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• The changing geography of natur
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ose to greater than $34 per million
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NE MN IA MO WI IL MI IN KY TN OH Gr
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Vulnerability of Fuel Supply Disrup
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Figure 2-8. Earthquake Vulnerabilit
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Liquid Fuel TS&D Dependencies on El
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Results from an Argonne National La
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QER Recommendations (continued) Sup
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QER Recommendations (continued) Ana
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Endnotes 1. Government Accountabili
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31. The Climate Institute. “Water
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63. Global Climate Change Research
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131. Quadrennial Energy Review Anal
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Chapter III MODERNIZING THE ELECTRI
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The Electric Grid in Transition The
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esources, including central station
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demand; and the costs of alternativ
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In the Southwest, transmission buil
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Pumped hydro storage currently repr
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Resilience investments can require
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Communication with Customer Devices
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and maintenance of the interconnect
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technical experts to develop a set
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Table 3-2. Taxonomy of Utility Busi
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Figure 3-6. Select Electricity Juri
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QER Recommendations The Administrat
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QER Recommendations (continued) Coo
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RECOMMENDATIONS IN BRIEF: Modernizi
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48. North American Electric Reliabi
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Chapter IV MODERNIZING U.S. ENERGY
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A Broad and Collective View of Ener
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Page 172 and 173: Changing Global and Domestic Oil Ma
Page 174 and 175: QER Recommendations SPR MODERNIZATI
Page 176 and 177: Biofuels and TS&D Infrastructure Is
Page 178 and 179: QER Recommendations TS&D INFRASTRUC
Page 180 and 181: The United States and Canada share
Page 182 and 183: Endnotes 1. Foreign Affairs, Trade
Page 185 and 186: Chapter V IMPROVING SHARED TRANSPOR
Page 187 and 188: Increased Use of Shared Transport I
Page 189 and 190: There are several reasons for this
Page 191 and 192: Congestion and Competition among Co
Page 193 and 194: Coal Transportation by Rail Coal re
Page 195 and 196: Ethanol Transportation by Rail Etha
Page 197 and 198: QER Recommendations RAIL TRANSPORT
Page 199 and 200: Figure 5-6. Annual Refinery Receipt
Page 201 and 202: Funding mechanisms for maintaining
Page 203 and 204: Inland shippers that want to move a
Page 205 and 206: DOT reports that connecting roads t
Page 207 and 208: Uncertainty in U.S. Coal Exports U.
Page 209 and 210: capacities of 1.5 MW to 2.5 MW, 103
Page 211 and 212: QER Recommendations PORTS, HARBORS
Page 213 and 214: QER Recommendations (continued) MOD
Page 215 and 216: Endnotes 1. Department of Agricultu
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Page 223 and 224: Chapter VI INTEGRATING NORTH AMERIC
Page 225 and 226: Benefits of North American Energy S
Page 227 and 228: TS&D infrastructure already plays a
Page 229 and 230: for electric transmission facilitie
Page 231 and 232: 35, 36 Figure 6-5. U.S. Natural Gas
Page 233 and 234: pumped hydropower storage could pro
Page 235 and 236: QER Recommendations NORTH AMERICAN
Page 237 and 238: Administration Activities and Plans
Page 239 and 240: Risk and Resilience in the Caribbea
Page 241 and 242: QER Recommendations CARIBBEAN ENERG
Page 243 and 244: Endnotes 1. Molburg, J.C., J.A. Kav
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Page 249 and 250: Chapter VII: Addressing Environment
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Chapter VII: Addressing Environment
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Chapter VIII: Enhancing Employment
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Chapter IX: Siting and Permitting o
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9-26 QER Report: Energy Transmi
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Chapter X: Analytical and Stakehold
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND UNITS APE - Ar
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