LVXXU

States was forecast to become highly dependent on liquefied natural gas imports; however, the current outlook
projects that the United States will have enormous capacity and will likely become a major liquefied natural gas
exporter. 4 Combined with new clean energy technologies and improved fuel efficiency, U.S. energy security is
stronger than it has been for over half a century.
This production of oil and natural gas is occurring in new locations often removed from areas of historical
production. As a consequence, the flow of both raw energy commodities and their refined products is
changing, placing demands on the infrastructure that moves them to intermediate users and consumers.
Historically, oil and oil products in the United States have tended to flow from south to north to inland
refineries. Now, this generally has been reversed, with oil from the Bakken field in North Dakota and Montana
moving from the north toward the Gulf of Mexico, as well as to East and West Coast refineries. Significant new
quantities of crude oil from the Eagle Ford and Permian shale basins also are moving to Gulf Coast refineries.
To accommodate these changes in the volume and geography of U.S. crude oil production, there have already
been substantial pipeline additions and some reversals, 5, 6 as shown in Figure 4-2.There have also been
significant increases in barge, rail, and truck transport of crude oil, crude oil products, petrochemicals, and
ethanol. This build-out of infrastructure has improved U.S. energy security. Without it, the United States could
not have reduced its reliance on imports of liquid fuels to the extent that it has.
Figure 4-2. Highlighted Pipeline Reversals and Expansions Accommodating Increased Domestic and Canadian Supply 7
Transmountain
Expansion
890 MBbl/D (TBD)
Imports
Sandpiper
225 MBbl/D (2017)
Pony Express
240 MBbl/D (1H 2015)
Canadian Crude from
Western Canada
Basin Pipeline
Expansion to 450 MBbl/D (2012)
Seaway System
150 MBbl/D Reversal (2012)
400 MBbl/D (2013)
850 MBbl/D (2014)
750 MBbl/D Lateral to Port Arthur (2015)
West Texas System
West Texas Gulf Expansion to 300 MBbl/D (2013)
Magellan Longhorn Reversal to 225 MBbl/D (2014)
Bridge Tex at 300 MBbl/D (2014)
Big Spring
Eagle Ford System
Multiple Pipelines > 1,000 MBbl/D (2014/2015)
Cushing
Line 67 Expansion
570 MBbl/D (2014)
800 MBbl/D (TBD)
Superior
Houston
Port Arthur
Corpus Christi
Chicago
Patoka
St. James
Imports
Line 61 Expansion
560 MBbl/D (2014)
1,200 MBbl/D (2015)
Line 68 Expansion
500 MBbl/D (2014)
Line 9 & 9B
Expansion
Reversal (2013)
300 MBbl/D (2014)
Flanagan South
600 MBbl/D (2014)
Southern Access
300 MBbl/D (2Q 2015)
Pegasus
Out of Service due to Spill
Gulf Coast Project
700 MBbl/D (2013)
830 MBbl/D (2014)
130 MBb/D Lateral to Houston (2015)
Ho-Ho Reversal
300 MBbl/D (2013)
Imports
Infrastructure Change
Existing Infrastructure
Rest of World Imports
There have been substantial pipeline additions and some reversals of pipeline product flows to accommodate the changes in domestic production
regions and the volumes of product that are being transported.
QER Report: Energy Transmission, Storage, and Distribution Infrastructure | April 2015 4-5