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pipelines is nearing retirement, and unions can help provide worker training programs to prepare younger workers for these jobs. Job creation and training should be considered part of the investment in the asset base of natural gas infrastructure. Academia, Nongovernmental Organizations, and Environmental Groups May 20, 2014 – DOE Headquarters; Washington, D.C. During the third methane roundtable session, participants discussed the research needed to improve methane sensing, reform state and Federal policies, and remove barriers to investments in infrastructure that is safer and lower emitting. One of the resounding themes of the discussion was the need for a more comprehensive system for calculating emissions and transparently providing the necessary data in an improved inventory. Although data for specific systems and locations has been calculated, there is not a complete picture of emissions from TS&D of the supply chain. There is a shared belief that sensor technology should be improved to accurately collect emissions data and that it would potentially require more funding for such improvements. In addition, participants deliberated over which incentives need to be implemented to reduce methane emissions. Environmental groups expressed strong support for the Environmental Protection Agency taking steps to propose and finalize methane emissions performance standards for new and existing facilities across the natural gas supply chain. It was suggested that the costs of investments in infrastructure modernization should be borne more by shareholders instead of having the consumer pay out-of-pocket for all of the necessary repairs. Another theme was to amend state and Federal economic regulatory frameworks to reduce the economic disincentives to become safer and possibly encourage more investment in infrastructure. Finally, participants explored various ways for Federal and state economic regulators to treat lost- and unaccountedfor gas, which is a catch-all accounting mechanism used to reflect meter errors, theft, leakage, and other factors. Others pointed out that lost- and unaccounted-for gas is a poor metric for leakage. Participants suggested research and development to lower the cost of more accurate meters and limit the amount of lost- and unaccounted-for gas that companies are allowed to recover through rates (as some states have adopted). Natural Gas Companies June 11, 2014 – DOE Headquarters; Washington, D.C. During the fourth methane roundtable session, participants discussed progress that the natural gas industry has made to reduce methane emissions and remaining barriers to emissions reductions. Companies have taken innovative approaches to reduce methane emissions and further their pipeline safety efforts, including the development of partnerships with government agencies, academic institutions, and industry to reduce emissions through programs such as the Environmental Protection Agency’s Natural Gas STAR program and private sector efforts like the Downstream Initiative and the OneFuture Coalition. Some companies have undertaken in-house initiatives to reduce emissions using self-assessment of performance metrics. However, participants emphasized several barriers to accelerating investment in infrastructure. More cooperation within the natural gas industry and stronger relationships between state regulators and operators could help speed infrastructure modernization. Greater coordination between government agencies could allow for natural gas infrastructure improvements in conjunction with other public works projects (i.e., in conjunction with water and telecommunications infrastructure upgrades). Participants suggested implementing public education programs and sharing best practices between companies and regulators. Participants also voiced concern over the lack of funding for researching and developing technologies that could facilitate infrastructure modernization. These technologies include less expensive and more accurate leak-detection equipment, innovative methods or materials that could reduce the cost of pipeline replacement, and data collection systems to monitor the entire natural gas supply chain. QER Report: Energy Transmission, Storage, and Distribution Infrastructure | April 2015 10-19
Chapter X: Analytical and Stakeholder Process Capstone Roundtable July 29, 2014 – The White House; Washington, D.C. The capstone roundtable included industry, labor, state regulators, and environmental and consumer groups that have been actively engaged in a range of efforts to modernize natural gas infrastructure and reduce leakage from transmission and distribution segments of natural gas systems. The focus of the roundtables was on reducing emissions from natural gas transmission and distribution systems. This meeting was the culmination of in-depth discussions with industry, unions, consumer and environmental groups, state regulators, and academics at the four previous roundtables. This series provided the opportunity for experts to provide input into the Administration’s strategy. This complements efforts underway at the Environmental Protection Agency and served as one means to inform the interagency methane strategy and QER. At this meeting, Secretary Moniz announced a number of actions that DOE will take to address methane emissions from natural gas systems. Participating stakeholders also announced several new initiatives, including significant new investments in infrastructure. While natural gas companies have made significant progress in reducing methane emissions, many expressed strong commitments to play leadership roles and do more to modernize infrastructure to help realize the safety, economic, environmental, and health benefits that natural gas provides to customers. A group of five labor unions announced an expansion of apprenticeship and training programs, while the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America committed to developing guidelines for directed inspection and maintenance at natural gas transmission facilities. A more detailed description of actions can be found on DOE’s website at www.energy.gov/articles/factsheet-initiative-help-modernizenatural-gas-transmission-and-distribution. QER Interagency Engagement In the QER Presidential Memorandum, the President established the QER Interagency Task Force, which is co-chaired by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Director of the Domestic Policy Council and more than 20 executive departments and agencies d that play key roles in developing and implementing policies governing energy resources and consumption, as well as associated environmental impacts. The President directed the Task Force to develop a comprehensive and integrated review of energy policy resulting from interagency dialogue and active engagement of external stakeholders, as well as offer recommendations on what additional actions it believes would be appropriate. As set forth above, the final QER was developed by the Task Force in response to the President’s direction. The findings and recommendations are based on Task Force deliberations, meetings with staff-level agency representatives and experts, and information provided to the secretariat and Task Force members by external stakeholders. Since issuance of the Presidential Memorandum, the White House (supported by DOE, serving as executive secretariat of the Task Force) convened regular meetings of the Task Force and worked closely with the agencies’ leadership and staff on the QER. Member agencies have collaborated with the Task Force to develop the QER by providing information on topics within their statutory and regulatory jurisdiction, or areas of particular expertise related to energy infrastructure TS&D. Agencies have delivered studies, data, and other d The members of the Task Force include: (1) the Department of State; (2) the Department of the Treasury; (3) the Department of Defense; (4) the Department of the Interior; (5) the Department of Agriculture; (6) the Department of Commerce; (7) the Department of Labor; (8) the Department of Health and Human Services; (9) the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (10) the Department of Transportation; (11) the Department of Energy; (12) the Department of Veterans Affairs; (13) the Department of Homeland Security; (14) the Office of Management and Budget; (15) the National Economic Council; (16) the National Security Staff; (17) the Council on Environmental Quality; (18) the Council of Economic Advisers; (19) the Environmental Protection Agency; (20) the Small Business Administration; (21) the Army Corps of Engineers; (22) the National Science Foundation; and (23) such agencies and offices as the President may designate. 10-20 QER Report: Energy Transmission, Storage, and Distribution Infrastructure | April 2015
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QUADRENNIAL ENERGY REVIEW: ENERGY T
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Preface In June 2013, through the P
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Presidential Memorandum The White H
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(xx) the Small Business Administrat
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface..........
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure SPM-1. Age b
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Figure 7-7. Conditions Affecting Li
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Summary TRANSFORMING U.S. ENERGY IN
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same systems (e.g., ports and railw
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Aging Infrastructure and Changing R
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Actions taken in the first term of
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Figure SPM-3. Billion-Dollar Disast
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Key Findings Mitigating energy disr
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Recommendations in Brief To continu
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The potential range of new transmis
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Improve grid communication through
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Undertake a study of the relationsh
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• Doubling the size of the Inland
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Key Findings The United States has
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Promote Caribbean energy TS&D infra
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Recommendations in Brief Improve qu
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• Developing curricula and certif
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(2) the Fish and Wildlife Service I
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Table SPM-2. Examples of Federal Me
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Chapter I INTRODUCTION This chapter
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The requirements that this TS&D inf
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Increases in U.S. Oil and Natural G
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Increased Deployment of Renewable E
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Figure 1-3. Percent Change in Retai
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Climate Science The key conclusions
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Figure 1-7. Change in Annual Averag
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Other actions to deploy low-carbon
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Figure 1-8. Historic and Projected
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Government can build and incentiviz
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Notes: 1. Analyses were conducted w
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Organization of the Remainder of th
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Endnotes 1. Edison Electric Institu
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39. Energy Information Administrati
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Chapter II INCREASING THE RESILIENC
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The Importance of Resilient, Reliab
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Figure 2-1. Illustration of Tornado
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Continued increases in extreme weat
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Weather-Related and Other Reliabili
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Drought is also problematic. In 201
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Electricity TS&D Vulnerabilities Va
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Distribution hardening projects are
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Although pipelines above and below
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Safety and Methane Emissions from G
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Indianapolis’ in 2013 (see Figure
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Natural Gas Infrastructure Dependen
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• The changing geography of natur
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ose to greater than $34 per million
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NE MN IA MO WI IL MI IN KY TN OH Gr
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Vulnerability of Fuel Supply Disrup
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Figure 2-8. Earthquake Vulnerabilit
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Liquid Fuel TS&D Dependencies on El
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Results from an Argonne National La
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QER Recommendations (continued) Sup
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QER Recommendations (continued) Ana
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Endnotes 1. Government Accountabili
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31. The Climate Institute. “Water
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63. Global Climate Change Research
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131. Quadrennial Energy Review Anal
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Chapter III MODERNIZING THE ELECTRI
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The Electric Grid in Transition The
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esources, including central station
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demand; and the costs of alternativ
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In the Southwest, transmission buil
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Pumped hydro storage currently repr
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Resilience investments can require
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Communication with Customer Devices
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and maintenance of the interconnect
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technical experts to develop a set
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Table 3-2. Taxonomy of Utility Busi
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Figure 3-6. Select Electricity Juri
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QER Recommendations The Administrat
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QER Recommendations (continued) Coo
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RECOMMENDATIONS IN BRIEF: Modernizi
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48. North American Electric Reliabi
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Chapter IV MODERNIZING U.S. ENERGY
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A Broad and Collective View of Ener
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States was forecast to become highl
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Changing Global and Domestic Oil Ma
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QER Recommendations SPR MODERNIZATI
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Biofuels and TS&D Infrastructure Is
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QER Recommendations TS&D INFRASTRUC
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The United States and Canada share
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Endnotes 1. Foreign Affairs, Trade
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Chapter V IMPROVING SHARED TRANSPOR
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Increased Use of Shared Transport I
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There are several reasons for this
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Congestion and Competition among Co
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Coal Transportation by Rail Coal re
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Ethanol Transportation by Rail Etha
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QER Recommendations RAIL TRANSPORT
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Figure 5-6. Annual Refinery Receipt
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Funding mechanisms for maintaining
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Inland shippers that want to move a
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DOT reports that connecting roads t
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Uncertainty in U.S. Coal Exports U.
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capacities of 1.5 MW to 2.5 MW, 103
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QER Recommendations PORTS, HARBORS
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QER Recommendations (continued) MOD
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Endnotes 1. Department of Agricultu
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39. Quadrennial Energy Review Analy
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75. Army Corps of Engineers, Planni
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111. Department of Energy. “Wind
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Chapter VI INTEGRATING NORTH AMERIC
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Benefits of North American Energy S
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TS&D infrastructure already plays a
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for electric transmission facilitie
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35, 36 Figure 6-5. U.S. Natural Gas
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pumped hydropower storage could pro
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QER Recommendations NORTH AMERICAN
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Administration Activities and Plans
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Risk and Resilience in the Caribbea
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QER Recommendations CARIBBEAN ENERG
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Endnotes 1. Molburg, J.C., J.A. Kav
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Chapter VI: Integrating North Ameri
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Chapter VII: Addressing Environment
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Chapter VIII: Enhancing Employment
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