Great Ideas of Philosophy

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etween a world of beauty and one of ugliness, we would choose the former, despite the fact that it would neverbe part of our experience. One might ask, in this vein, what one would choose: a dead cosmos of meaninglessstatistical possibilities or one alive with promise and nurturing of hope. I would regard it as simplycurmudgeonly to choose the former. I choose the latter.Recommended Reading:Plantinga, A. God, Freedom and Evil. New York: Eardmann, 1974.Swinburne, R. Providence and the Problem of Evil. Oxford, 1998.Questions to Consider:1. What is the status of faith if God’s existence is provable?2. How do the “five ways” stand in light of modern physics?3. What limits are there on omnipotence?40©2004 The Teaching Company Limited Partnership
Essential Reading:BibliographyBarnes, Jonathan. Early Greek Philosophy. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. A concise and authoritativeintroduction to the pre-Socratic world of Greek philosophy.Berkeley, George. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 1997. Berkeley’s systematic critique of materialistic theories and his alternative “immaterialist” thesis.Brock, Dan. Life and Death. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. A thoughtful review of the ethicalaspects of those “life-and-death” issues arising from modern medicine.Darwin, Charles. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.Evidence and argument according to which the emotional dimension of human life is on the same continuum as thatwhich includes non-human emotional expression. The utter “naturalization” of human sentiments and their originsin natural selection.Descartes, René. Selected Philosophical Writings. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Excellentselections from the Discourse on Method and related works.Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. One ofthe most influential philosophical works in the English language, and one of the most consistent defenses ofempiricism.James, William. The Will to Believe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979. In this work, James analyzes thepsychological and philosophical grounds of belief and answers challenges coming from scientific critics.Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Practical Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. A difficult work butKant’s fullest development of his moral theory.Locke, John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1995. Perhaps theclassic statement of the empiricist theory of mind and mental life.Mackie, J.L. Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. New York: Penguin, 1977. Among the best of the modern“skeptical” critiques of moral realism.Plato. The Dialogues of Plato. New York: Random House, 1937. The works to which, on Whitehead’s account, allsubsequent philosophy is but a footnote.Reid, Thomas. An Inquiry into the Human Mind. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1997. The mostincisive criticism of Hume’s philosophy written in Hume’s lifetime; a trenchant analysis of the proper methods ofphilosophizing.Robinson, D. N. Praise and Blame: Moral Realism and Its Application. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,2002. A defense of moral realism and appraisal of anti-realist critiques of realism.Van Fraassen, Bas. The Scientific Image. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. One of the more influential“anti-realist” works in contemporary philosophy of science.Supplementary Reading:Annas, Julia. Platonic Ethics, Old and New. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.⎯⎯⎯. “Classical Greek Philosophy.” In The Oxford History of Greece and the Hellenistic World. J. Boardman etal, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.Aristotle. The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation. J. Barnes, ed. Princeton, NJ: PrincetonUniversity Press, 1984. Now the standard source of Aristotle’s extant works.———. Metaphysics. W. D. Ross, trans. (downloadable). A useful Internet version of Aristotle’s pioneering workin metaphysics.Arnold, Matthew. Culture and Anarchy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994. The “classic” defense of thehumanistic perspective and the basis on which civilized life depends.Augustine. Confessions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. A groundbreaking work in introspective and“depth” psychology and an early analysis of various psychological processes associated with cognition andmemory, emotion and motivation.©2004 The Teaching Company Limited Partnership 41
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Daniel N. Robinson, Ph.D.Philosophy
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Lecture OneFrom the Upanishads to H
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E. The Upanishads would merge us wi
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2. Despite their oracles, priests,
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4. Looking at geometry, we are told
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E. The contribution of pre-Socratic
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of the mystery of earth itself impe
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Lecture SixHerodotus and the Lamp o
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Lecture SevenSocrates on the Examin
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Xenophon. Memorabilia. Cornell Univ
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II. A philosopher is engaged in the
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Lecture NineCan Virtue Be Taught?Sc
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Lecture TenPlato’s Republic⎯Man
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Annas, J. “Classical Greek Philos
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III. The dominant school of Greek m
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1. Epistemonikon is a special featu
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Timeline800-600 B.C.E. ............
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1705...............................
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1873...............................
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Functionalism: The view that consci
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Tabula rasa: A blank slate. In the
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progress in one of its most summoni
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John Locke (1632-1704): Physician a
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The Great Ideas ofPhilosophy, 2 nd
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Table of ContentsThe Great Ideas of
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Lecture ThirteenAristotle on Friend
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C. Aristotle is recovering the Home
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III. The problem of conduct is then
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C. The Stoic account relies on the
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Lecture SixteenThe Stoic Bridge to
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Recommended Reading:Bede. A History
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III. Roman law successfully permitt
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Lecture EighteenThe Light Within⎯
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B. Augustine approaches the problem
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B. Very early, the Islamic commitme
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Lecture TwentySecular Knowledge⎯T
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IV. The third great institutional c
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1. Scholasticism was an attempt to
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Lecture Twenty-TwoScholasticism and
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E. Further, to the intellectual vir
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historical volumes tell Florentines
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Lecture Twenty-FourLet Us Burn the
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1. First, the courts required a doc
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650-850 C.E. ......................
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1794...............................
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Apatheia: Freedom from pathos and s
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ut cannot know what it is. Ultimate
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Biographical NotesAeschylus (525-45
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Claude Adrien Helvetius (1715-1771)
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Socrates (c. 469-399 B.C.): Greek p
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Scope:The Great Ideas of Philosophy
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B. This expansion, however, does no
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1. This standard essentially rules
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Lecture Twenty-SevenNewton⎯The Sa
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Lecture Twenty-EightHobbes and the
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Recommended Reading:Hobbes, T. Levi
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B. Other things can be known to be
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Lecture ThirtyNo Matter? The Challe
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Lecture Thirty-OneHume and the Purs
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Lecture Thirty-TwoThomas Reid and t
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efore him were not always faithful
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2. His Letters on the English makes
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Lecture Thirty-FourThe Federalist P
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VI. The Federalist Papers and the g
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III. Kant argues that there is some
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Lecture Thirty-SixMoral Science and
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Questions to Consider:1. A hypothet
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650-850 C.E. ......................
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1794...............................
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Apatheia: Freedom from pathos and s
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ut cannot know what it is. Ultimate
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Biographical NotesAeschylus (525-45
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Claude Adrien Helvetius (1715-1771)
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Socrates (c. 469-399 B.C.): Greek p
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Scope:The Great Ideas of Philosophy
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C. Though his system would be mocke
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1. There is nothing in the physics
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F. To include Hegel within the trad
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Lecture FortyThe Aesthetic Movement
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insisted that our very character is
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III. Nietzsche was an admirer and o
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B. In the final state, we’re all
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Lecture Forty-ThreeDarwin and Natur
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2. There is room for altruism but o
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1. He is a Hegelian who stands Hege
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Lecture Forty-FiveThe Freudian Worl
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B. How can repressed elements be un
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III. What figures in the human imag
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Lecture Forty-SevenWilliam James’
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Questions to Consider:1. Conclude w
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III. As long as we subscribe to a
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Timeline800-600 B.C.E. ............
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1705...............................
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1873...............................
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Page 214 and 215: Lecture Forty-NineAlan Turing in th
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