Great Ideas of Philosophy

1794................................................ Death of Condorcet.1794................................................ Death of Pierre Flourens.arguments that had been advanced against the Constitution and the federalmodel of governance. These essays became known as The Federalist Papers.1795................................................ Condorcet’s Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mindpublished posthumously.1796................................................ Death of Thomas Reid.1797................................................ Death of Edmund Burke.1804................................................ Death of Immanuel Kant.1806................................................ Birth of John Stuart Mill.1808................................................ Death of Pierre Cabanis.1809................................................ Birth of Charles Darwin.1818................................................ Birth of Karl Marx.1822................................................ Birth of Francis Galton.1828................................................ Death of Franz Joseph Gall.1830................................................ Auguste Comte publishes his Course of Positive Philosophy, which reflected onthe achievements of the Enlightenment and concluded that human thoughtpasses through distinct stages.1830s .............................................. The British Reform Act ends British participation in the slave trade and extendspolitical rights to those long denied the franchise, including those not membersof the Church of England.1831................................................ Death of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.1833................................................ Charles Lyell publishes his Principles of Geology, which provided a time framecompatible with the requirements of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution bynatural selection.1842................................................ Birth of William James.1844................................................ Birth of Friedrich Nietzsche.Mid–late 19 th century...................... The Aesthetic movement.1856................................................ Birth of Sigmund Freud.1859................................................ John Stuart Mill publishes On Liberty.1862................................................ In November of this year, Hermann von Helmholtz gives a lecture onconservation of energy at Heidelberg, where he addresses, among other issues,the relatively new division between leading scientists and philosophers.1867................................................ Death of Pierre Flourens.1869................................................ Francis Galton, cousin of Charles Darwin, publishes his studies of hereditarygenius, which conclude that natural selection yields a very few exceptionalhuman types, but general human flourishing disproportionately depends on theirmerits.1871................................................ Charles Darwin publishes Descent of Man, which puts forth his theory ofnatural selection.1872................................................ Friedrich Nietzsche publishes his first notable work, The Birth of Tragedy andthe Spirit of Music.40©2004 The Teaching Company Limited Partnership