Great Ideas of Philosophy

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650–850 C.E. ................................... The Dark Ages.1150–1300...................................... Medieval period.13 th century..................................... Advent of a “renaissance” of scholarly thought, with Roger Bacon and othersrecovering the spirit of experimental modes of inquiry.1214................................................ Birth of Roger Bacon.1225................................................ Birth of Thomas Aquinas.1274................................................ Death of Thomas Aquinas.1294................................................ Death of Roger Bacon.1304................................................ Birth of Francesco Petrarch.1374................................................ Death of Francesco Petrarch.15 th century..................................... The Italian Renaissance.1452................................................ Birth of Leonardo da Vinci.1483................................................ Birth of Martin Luther.1497................................................ Savonarola burns the vanities.1517................................................ Martin Luther protests aspects of the Catholic Church.1519................................................ Death of Leonardo da Vinci.1546................................................ Death of Martin Luther.1546–1648...................................... The Protestant Reformation, launched by Martin Luther’s 1517 protest againstaspects of the Catholic Church.1561................................................ Birth of Francis Bacon.1588................................................ Birth of Thomas Hobbes.1596................................................ Birth of René Descartes.1626................................................ Death of Francis Bacon.1632................................................ Birth of John Locke.1633................................................ Galileo is called before the Inquisition.1642 ............................................... Birth of Isaac Newton1646................................................ Birth of Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.1650................................................ Death of René Descartes.1660................................................ The Royal Society becomes the center of a growing culture of science.1660................................................ Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan.1679................................................ Death of Thomas Hobbes.1685................................................ Birth of George Berkeley.1694................................................ Birth of François Marie Arouet, who wrote under the name Voltaire.1699................................................ Lord Shaftesbury publishes An Inquiry Concerning Virtue or Merit, offering anexplanation of moral conduct based on the notion of natural dispositions andaffections.1704................................................ Death of John Locke.34©2004 The Teaching Company Limited Partnership
1705................................................ Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz offers a significant critique of the Lockean viewin New Essays on Human Understanding.1709................................................ Birth of Julien Offray de La Mettrie.1710................................................ George Berkeley publishes his critique of the Lockean view, A TheoryConcerning the Principles of Human Knowledge.1710................................................ Birth of Thomas Reid.1711................................................ Birth of David Hume.1712................................................ Birth of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.1715................................................ Birth of the French philosopher Claude Adrien Helvetius.1715................................................ Birth of Etienne Condillac, John Locke’s translator in France.1716................................................ Death of Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.1724................................................ Birth of Immanuel Kant.1729................................................ Birth of Edmund Burke.1734................................................ Voltaire writes his Letters on the English.1739................................................ David Hume publishes An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, whichaimed to defeat Skepticism by putting philosophy on a firmer footing,grounding morality, science, and politics in the realm of experience.1743................................................ Birth of Condorcet.1748................................................ La Mettrie publishes the banned book Man—A Machine, which extends thematerialistic drift of Descartes’s psychology.Mid-18 th century ............................. The “Scottish Enlightenment.”1751................................................ Death of La Mettrie.1757................................................ Birth of Pierre Cabanis.1758................................................ Birth of Franz Joseph Gall.1764................................................ Thomas Reid publishes An Inquiry into the Human Mind.1770................................................ Birth of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.1771................................................ Death of Claude Adrien Helvetius.1772................................................ Helvetius’s A Treatise on Man, which maintains that human essence does notprecede our existence and experiences in the world, published posthumously.1773................................................ John Locke’s Two Treatises is published in colonial America.1776................................................ Death of David Hume.1778................................................ Death of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.1778................................................ Death of François Marie Arouet (Voltaire).1780................................................ Death of Etienne Condillac.1781................................................ Immanuel Kant publishes his Critique of Pure Reason, which credits DavidHume with awakening Kant from his “dogmatic slumber.”1783................................................ Death of George Berkeley.1787................................................ The U.S. Constitution is forged in Philadelphia. During the subsequentratification period, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay writeessays in the New York newspapers addressing and countering the various©2004 The Teaching Company Limited Partnership 35
Page 3 and 4: Daniel N. Robinson, Ph.D.Philosophy
Page 6 and 7: Lecture OneFrom the Upanishads to H
Page 8 and 9: E. The Upanishads would merge us wi
Page 10 and 11: 2. Despite their oracles, priests,
Page 12 and 13: 4. Looking at geometry, we are told
Page 15 and 16: E. The contribution of pre-Socratic
Page 17 and 18: of the mystery of earth itself impe
Page 19 and 20: Lecture SixHerodotus and the Lamp o
Page 21 and 22: Lecture SevenSocrates on the Examin
Page 23 and 24: Xenophon. Memorabilia. Cornell Univ
Page 25 and 26: II. A philosopher is engaged in the
Page 27 and 28: Lecture NineCan Virtue Be Taught?Sc
Page 29 and 30: Lecture TenPlato’s Republic⎯Man
Page 31 and 32: Annas, J. “Classical Greek Philos
Page 33 and 34: III. The dominant school of Greek m
Page 35 and 36: 1. Epistemonikon is a special featu
Page 37: Timeline800-600 B.C.E. ............
Page 41 and 42: 1873...............................
Page 43 and 44: Functionalism: The view that consci
Page 45 and 46: Tabula rasa: A blank slate. In the
Page 47 and 48: progress in one of its most summoni
Page 49 and 50: John Locke (1632-1704): Physician a
Page 51: The Great Ideas ofPhilosophy, 2 nd
Page 54 and 55: Table of ContentsThe Great Ideas of
Page 56 and 57: Lecture ThirteenAristotle on Friend
Page 58 and 59: C. Aristotle is recovering the Home
Page 60 and 61: III. The problem of conduct is then
Page 62 and 63: C. The Stoic account relies on the
Page 64 and 65: Lecture SixteenThe Stoic Bridge to
Page 66 and 67: Recommended Reading:Bede. A History
Page 68 and 69: III. Roman law successfully permitt
Page 70 and 71: Lecture EighteenThe Light Within⎯
Page 72 and 73: B. Augustine approaches the problem
Page 74 and 75: B. Very early, the Islamic commitme
Page 76 and 77: Lecture TwentySecular Knowledge⎯T
Page 78 and 79: IV. The third great institutional c
Page 80 and 81: 1. Scholasticism was an attempt to
Page 82 and 83: Lecture Twenty-TwoScholasticism and
Page 84 and 85: E. Further, to the intellectual vir
Page 86 and 87: historical volumes tell Florentines
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Lecture Twenty-FourLet Us Burn the
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1. First, the courts required a doc
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650-850 C.E. ......................
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1794...............................
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Apatheia: Freedom from pathos and s
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ut cannot know what it is. Ultimate
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Biographical NotesAeschylus (525-45
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Claude Adrien Helvetius (1715-1771)
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Socrates (c. 469-399 B.C.): Greek p
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Daniel N. Robinson, Ph.D.Philosophy
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Scope:The Great Ideas of Philosophy
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B. This expansion, however, does no
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1. This standard essentially rules
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Lecture Twenty-SevenNewton⎯The Sa
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Lecture Twenty-EightHobbes and the
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Recommended Reading:Hobbes, T. Levi
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B. Other things can be known to be
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Lecture ThirtyNo Matter? The Challe
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Lecture Thirty-OneHume and the Purs
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Lecture Thirty-TwoThomas Reid and t
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efore him were not always faithful
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2. His Letters on the English makes
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Lecture Thirty-FourThe Federalist P
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VI. The Federalist Papers and the g
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III. Kant argues that there is some
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Lecture Thirty-SixMoral Science and
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Questions to Consider:1. A hypothet
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650-850 C.E. ......................
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1794...............................
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Apatheia: Freedom from pathos and s
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ut cannot know what it is. Ultimate
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Biographical NotesAeschylus (525-45
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Claude Adrien Helvetius (1715-1771)
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Socrates (c. 469-399 B.C.): Greek p
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Daniel N. Robinson, Ph.D.Philosophy
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Scope:The Great Ideas of Philosophy
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C. Though his system would be mocke
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1. There is nothing in the physics
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F. To include Hegel within the trad
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Lecture FortyThe Aesthetic Movement
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insisted that our very character is
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III. Nietzsche was an admirer and o
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B. In the final state, we’re all
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Lecture Forty-ThreeDarwin and Natur
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2. There is room for altruism but o
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1. He is a Hegelian who stands Hege
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Lecture Forty-FiveThe Freudian Worl
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B. How can repressed elements be un
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III. What figures in the human imag
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Lecture Forty-SevenWilliam James’
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Questions to Consider:1. Conclude w
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III. As long as we subscribe to a
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Timeline800-600 B.C.E. ............
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1705...............................
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1873...............................
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Functionalism: The view that consci
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Tabula rasa: A blank slate. In the
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progress in one of its most summoni
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John Locke (1632-1704): Physician a
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The Great Ideas ofPhilosophy, 2 nd
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Table of ContentsThe Great Ideas of
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Lecture Forty-NineAlan Turing in th
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C. Searle thinks that the missing i
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3. Even activities could be simulat
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B. The inclination to classify is a
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Lecture Fifty-TwoPhilosophy of Scie
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V. These debates illustrate a far l
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1. The two had in common the idea t
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Questions to Consider:1. What does
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C. Locke and others emphasized that
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Lecture Fifty-FiveWhat Makes a Prob
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B. Kant suggests that the moral law
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1. Proponents have argued that so m
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Lecture Fifty-SevenOn the Nature of
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2. So far as it can coexist with th
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3. Slavery is commonplace in all of
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3. Does the just-war theorist have
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B. The quadrivium comprised arithme
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2. He argues that the former is pre
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1. The objects of the knowable worl
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etween a world of beauty and one of
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⎯⎯⎯. On Free choice of Will.
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Herodotus. The Persian Wars. G. Raw
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———. Toward a Science of Huma
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