Conservation agriculture Tanzania_casestudy.pdf - Sokoine ...

Appendix 2 Livelihood characteristics in Kilimatembo, KaratuDistrictCharacteristicsLivelihoodactivitiesRich (5% HHs) Medium wealth (45% HHs) Poor (50% HHs)• Rent out houses and shops• Formal employment• Traders, middlemen• Sell livestock and milk• Sell crops within andoutside village• Teachers• Run small businesses• Traders, middlemen• Sell livestock and milk• Sell crops within andoutside villageLand • More than 4 ha • 1.2–4 ha rent out land torichCrops grown• Maize, beans, pigeon pea,fi nger millet, sorghum,sweetpotato, pumpkin,wheat, barley, sunfl ower,fl owers• Mainly maize and beans• Also sweetpotato, fi ngermillet, pumpkin, pigeon pea• Casual labour• Rent out land• Sell crops invillage• No sale of cropresidues• 0.4–1.2 ha;rent out land tomedium-wealthand rich HHs whenneed cash• Mainly maize andbeans• Also sweetpotato,fi ngermillet, pumpkin,pigeon peaUse ofexternalinputs• Some use herbicides (forwheat), pesticides (forfl owers)• Very few use improvedwheat seeds• Mainly use improved maizeseeds• Few buy inputs;use only if givenfree of chargeor participate inresearch trials ordemonstra tionsFarmpower andimplementsLivestock• DAP: 70% own• Tractors: 20% own; 80%hire tractors for primarytillage• 20–40 cattle• 10% have dairy cows• Tractors: hire• DAP: 70% own draughtanimals; 40% own ploughs• HHs without animals hirewhen need arises• 5–10% cattle (majority localbreeds)• 20% have dairy cows• 100% hand hoe• Chickens• A few local cattle• Most keep cattle(1–5 head) fromwealthier HHDistribution ofFHHFarmersparticipatingin study• Nil • 15% • 85%• 2 MHH • 1 MHH • 1 MHH; 2 FHHSource: Bishop-Sambrook et al. (2004)DAP – draught-animal power; HH – household; FHH – female-headed household; MHH – male-headedhouseholdTotal number of HH in community = 545; proportion of FHH in community = 30% (and increasingsteadilyKaratu District 103