Conservation agriculture Tanzania_casestudy.pdf - Sokoine ...

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8 Gaps and challenges ...................................................................................37Low adoption .............................................................................................................37Affordability ...............................................................................................................37Land tenure ................................................................................................................38Few conservation agriculture implements ..................................................................38Lack of follow-up and coordination ..........................................................................38Inadequate conservation agriculture skills .................................................................38Bylaw enforcement .....................................................................................................38Migration ...................................................................................................................38Adequate soil cover and weeding ...............................................................................38Diversity of crops for research ...................................................................................389 Conclusion ..................................................................................................3910 Recommendations .......................................................................................39References ........................................................................................................40Appendix 1 Conservation agriculture institutes and projects ............................42Appendix 2 Rainfall graphs ............................................................................45Appendix 3 Lablab and mucuna seed distribution ............................................46Appendix 4 Cropping operations in Arumeru District ........................................47FiguresFigure 1 Arumeru District map ..................................................................................12Figure 2 Labour situation 10 years ago ......................................................................32Figure 3 Current labour situation ...............................................................................32TablesTable 1 Field visits .....................................................................................................11Table 2 Arumeru District land use ............................................................................11Table 3 Cost of conservation agriculture implements ..............................................23Table 4 Labour for conservation and conventional agriculture ................................334 Maguzu et al.
AbbreviationsAIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndromeAVRDC Asian Vegetable Research Development CentreCA conservation agricultureCARMATEC Centre for Agricultural Mechanization and Rural TechnologyCASARD Conservation Agriculture for Sustainable Agriculture and RuralDevelopmentCIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement CentreCIRAD Centre de Corporation International en Researche Agronomiquepour le DéveloppementCTP Conservation Tillage ProjectFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsGDP gross domestic productGTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbHHIV human immunodeficiency virusKENDAT Kenya Network for Draught Animal TechnologyNGO non-governmental organizationPADEP Participartory Agricultural Development and Empowerment ProjectRECODA Research, Community and Organizational Development AssociatesRELMA Regional Land Management Unit of SidaSARI Selian Agricultural Research InstituteSCAPA Soil Conservation and Agroforestry Programme in ArushaSLM sustainable land managementTEMDO Tanzania Engineering and Manufacturing Design OrganizationTFA Tanganyika Farmers AssociationTFSC Tanzania Farmers Service Centre LtdTZS Tanzania shilling; valued at 1000 to USD 1 in this reportURT United Republic of TanzaniaUSD United States dollarWADEC Women’s Agriculture Development and EnvironmentalConservationArumeru acknowledgementsThis booklet, which was prepared by Research, Community and OrganizationalDevelopment Associates (RECODA), has been made possible through the financialsupport and guidance from CIRAD, FAO, and the United Republic of Tanzania.Special thanks go to Bernard Triomphe, who was the main coordinator during theentire period. We are also grateful to Josef Kienzle and Richard Shetto for theirsupport throughout the exercise. We greatly appreciate the constructive review andcomments Dave Watson and Kurt Steiner offered.Many people were involved during the fieldwork—farmers, researchers, districtagricultural and livestock development officers, district agricultural extensionofficers and conservation agriculture institutions. We acknowledge their time andvaluable input toward achieving this milestone.Arumeru District 5
Page 6: ContentsPreface ...................
Page 10: Full conservation agriculture, howe
Page 13 and 14: February 2005, which made possible
Page 16 and 17: Table B. Key characteristics of cas
Page 18: Overemphasis on field-scale, techni
Page 26 and 27: Arumeru DistrictCatherine W. Maguzu
Page 30 and 31: Executive summaryA case study of co
Page 32 and 33: It has shown increase in yields, re
Page 34 and 35: The case study teamThe local team w
Page 36 and 37: NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
Page 38 and 39: MarketsThe urban centres are Kikati
Page 40 and 41: middle-aged, who migrate to towns t
Page 42 and 43: 4 Conservation agriculture historyI
Page 44 and 45: maize, pigeon pea, and lablab seeds
Page 46 and 47: herbicide was completely abandoned
Page 48 and 49: Most of the implements, except the
Page 50 and 51: 6 Adapting and diffusing conservati
Page 52 and 53: villages with eight farmers (Mwalle
Page 54 and 55: ecognition and enforcement of the b
Page 56 and 57: Table 3. Labour for conservation ag
Page 58 and 59: Timeliness in irrigating a farm is
Page 60 and 61: to rehabilitate his land by constru
Page 62 and 63: Land tenureSmall-scale farmers will
Page 64 and 65: and handling herbicides should be d
Page 66 and 67: Appendix 1Conservation agriculture
Page 68 and 69: Organization Activities Methods to
Page 70 and 71: Appendix 3Lablab and mucuna seed di
Page 73: Karatu DistrictDominick E. Ringo, C
Page 76 and 77: 10 Benefi ts and effects of conserv
Page 78 and 79:
Karatu acknowledgementsWe are very
Page 80 and 81:
Forces driving for adoption of cons
Page 82 and 83:
Despite the soundness of conservati
Page 84 and 85:
NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
Page 86 and 87:
TemperatureTemperature decreases wi
Page 88 and 89:
Most of the surface and underground
Page 90 and 91:
crop does not store well. But when
Page 92 and 93:
used to attend to AIDS sufferers an
Page 94 and 95:
Erosion is now considered responsib
Page 96 and 97:
Traditional methods of soil conserv
Page 98 and 99:
Tanzania Association of ForestersAc
Page 100 and 101:
Tanganyika Farmers AssociationAchie
Page 102 and 103:
History of conservation agriculture
Page 104 and 105:
what is feasible is to intercrop, w
Page 106 and 107:
to connect experiences from differe
Page 108 and 109:
mainly cover crop practices were ad
Page 110 and 111:
Alfred’s neighbour Cornel has bee
Page 112 and 113:
study tours, organizing farmer fiel
Page 114 and 115:
Socio-economic and process aspectsW
Page 116 and 117:
abreast of information. Information
Page 118 and 119:
availability of agriculture credit,
Page 120 and 121:
package being introduced should con
Page 122 and 123:
of a planning workshop on conservat
Page 124 and 125:
Organiza tionRIDEP (1980-1984)Natio
Page 126 and 127:
Organiza tionMazingira BoraKaratu (
Page 128 and 129:
Appendix 3 Estates in Karatu Distri
Page 131 and 132:
ContentsAbbreviations .............
Page 133 and 134:
AbbreviationsARIAgricultural Resear
Page 135 and 136:
1 IntroductionOver 80% of the peopl
Page 137 and 138:
3 MethodMbeya was selected as a cas
Page 139 and 140:
Table 1. Agricultural characteristi
Page 141 and 142:
Three agricultural officers serve t
Page 143 and 144:
egin until the first rains. Maize y
Page 145 and 146:
Table 4. Conservation agriculture r
Page 147 and 148:
slasher, machete and billhook (nyen
Page 149 and 150:
Farmers were advised to slash the c
Page 151 and 152:
technical support. Trial treatments
Page 153 and 154:
In the latest FARM Africa project,
Page 155 and 156:
Crop yieldsNineteen farmers in Wang
Page 157 and 158:
Changes in costs and incomeThe aver
Page 159 and 160:
• Farmers proposed that to improv
Page 161 and 162:
10 Gaps and challengesDespite the s
Page 163 and 164:
12 Recommendations• While some be
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix 1 Selected farmer profiles
Page 167 and 168:
No. Farmer name M/F Age(yrs)Fam ily
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix 3Intervention detailsIniti
Page 171 and 172:
Conservation agriculture technology
Page 173 and 174:
Land degradation due to soil erosio
Page 175 and 176:
Banana crop with mucuna as a cover
Page 177 and 178:
Types of soil cover: lablab plus ma
Page 179 and 180:
The pigeon pea crop has been left o
Page 181 and 182:
Demonstrating conservation agricult
Page 183:
Transferring crop residue for lives
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