Conservation agriculture Tanzania_casestudy.pdf - Sokoine ...

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Conservation agriculture technology promoted by TARP II SUAInitiatives under TARP II SUA in 2001 considered soil and water conservingstructures with no cover crops but did away with herbicides. The new villagestargeted by the intervention were Kisilo and Mayale in Njombe District, and Matai,Nkundi and Sandulula in Sumbawanga District in Rukwa.Conservation agriculture technology introduced by SFIWhen the Soil Fertility Initiative (SFI) was introduced in 2001, new villages and newfarmer groups were added in Wanging’ombe village to evaluate ‘new and improved’conservation agriculture using cover crops, agroforestry and amelioration of hardpans(table 4). The trials were initiated by ARI Uyole but were implemented with closeinvolvement of socio-economic researchers and the village extension agents.Of the two new farmer research groups in Wanging’ombe, the first with five farmersincluding two women, evaluated hardpan amelioration techniques:• deep ripping, two passes on the same furrow, with ripper• cover crop 1, Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)• cover crop 2, Lablab purpureus (lablab)• ox ploughing, conventional shallow (13–16 cm deep)Plots measured 9.75 m by 30 m. All farmers tested all four techniques. All farmersintercropped maize with pigeon pea and with lablab. Time and labour, cover croproot development in a 0.5-m 2 quadrant, soil moisture in a 14-day interval, andmaize yield were measured.The second farmer research group had six participants, including three women.They evaluated zero and reduced tillage implements, cover crops, crop rotationsand maximum soil cover:• jab planter, followed by two hand hoe weedings• ripping, first weeding by ox cultivator, sowing pigeon pea under crop, secondweeding by hand pulling and hoeing• direct seeder, first weeding by ox cultivator, sowing lablab under crop, secondweeding by hand pulling and hoeing• conventional ox ploughing, followed by planting with rope and hand hoe,two weedings by hand hoeFarmers could choose from mucuna, labbab, canavalia and Crotalaria ochroleuca forcover crops. Treatment plots were 9.75 x 30 m. Maize was chosen as the test crop.Farmers contributed oxen, land, labour and time for training sessions. Researcherssupplied test implements, cover crop, and maize seeds and fertilizers, while extensionpersonnel provided crop husbandry and group cohesion advice.At Kanamalenga village, three farmers evaluated the ameliorations of hardpans.Eight other farmers participated in the tillage technique and cover crop trial. Thefarmer group in Mapogoro village had 8 participants and Njelenje village had 10in the tillage and cover crop trial.146 Mkomwa et al.
Conservation agriculture technology promoted by TCP/URT/3002(2004–2006)In the TCP/URT/3002 project in Mbeya District, supported by MAFS andFAO, 10 farmer groups from nine villages participated, each with 25 farmers. Thecomprehensive conservation agriculture package included cover crops, maximumsoil cover, crop rotations, and zero and reduced tillage with jab planter, directseeding or ripping. Each farmer had a one-acre plot, with conservation agriculturepractised on one-half and conventional cultivation on the other half.The Technical Cooperation Project contributed implements, cover crop seeds,herbicides and fertilizers. Farmers contributed land, labour, oxen and time to betrained and for training others. Other partners were the Mbeya District ExecutiveDirector, whose extension staff provided the agricultural extension services, andan ARI Uyole researcher who provided technical support. SEAZ supplied rippers,but jab planters, direct seeders and prototype animal-drawn knife-––rollers wereimported from Fitarelli, a manufacturer in Brazil.
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ContentsPreface ...................
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Full conservation agriculture, howe
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February 2005, which made possible
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Table B. Key characteristics of cas
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Overemphasis on field-scale, techni
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Arumeru DistrictCatherine W. Maguzu
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8 Gaps and challenges .............
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Executive summaryA case study of co
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It has shown increase in yields, re
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The case study teamThe local team w
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NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
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MarketsThe urban centres are Kikati
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middle-aged, who migrate to towns t
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4 Conservation agriculture historyI
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maize, pigeon pea, and lablab seeds
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herbicide was completely abandoned
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Most of the implements, except the
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6 Adapting and diffusing conservati
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villages with eight farmers (Mwalle
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ecognition and enforcement of the b
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Table 3. Labour for conservation ag
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Timeliness in irrigating a farm is
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to rehabilitate his land by constru
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Land tenureSmall-scale farmers will
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and handling herbicides should be d
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Appendix 1Conservation agriculture
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Organization Activities Methods to
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Appendix 3Lablab and mucuna seed di
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Karatu DistrictDominick E. Ringo, C
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10 Benefi ts and effects of conserv
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Karatu acknowledgementsWe are very
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Forces driving for adoption of cons
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Despite the soundness of conservati
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NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
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TemperatureTemperature decreases wi
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Most of the surface and underground
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crop does not store well. But when
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used to attend to AIDS sufferers an
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Erosion is now considered responsib
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Traditional methods of soil conserv
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Tanzania Association of ForestersAc
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Tanganyika Farmers AssociationAchie
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History of conservation agriculture
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what is feasible is to intercrop, w
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to connect experiences from differe
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mainly cover crop practices were ad
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Alfred’s neighbour Cornel has bee
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study tours, organizing farmer fiel
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Socio-economic and process aspectsW
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abreast of information. Information
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availability of agriculture credit,
Page 120 and 121: package being introduced should con
Page 122 and 123: of a planning workshop on conservat
Page 124 and 125: Organiza tionRIDEP (1980-1984)Natio
Page 126 and 127: Organiza tionMazingira BoraKaratu (
Page 128 and 129: Appendix 3 Estates in Karatu Distri
Page 131 and 132: ContentsAbbreviations .............
Page 133 and 134: AbbreviationsARIAgricultural Resear
Page 135 and 136: 1 IntroductionOver 80% of the peopl
Page 137 and 138: 3 MethodMbeya was selected as a cas
Page 139 and 140: Table 1. Agricultural characteristi
Page 141 and 142: Three agricultural officers serve t
Page 143 and 144: egin until the first rains. Maize y
Page 145 and 146: Table 4. Conservation agriculture r
Page 147 and 148: slasher, machete and billhook (nyen
Page 149 and 150: Farmers were advised to slash the c
Page 151 and 152: technical support. Trial treatments
Page 153 and 154: In the latest FARM Africa project,
Page 155 and 156: Crop yieldsNineteen farmers in Wang
Page 157 and 158: Changes in costs and incomeThe aver
Page 159 and 160: • Farmers proposed that to improv
Page 161 and 162: 10 Gaps and challengesDespite the s
Page 163 and 164: 12 Recommendations• While some be
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 1 Selected farmer profiles
Page 167 and 168: No. Farmer name M/F Age(yrs)Fam ily
Page 169: Appendix 3Intervention detailsIniti
Page 173 and 174: Land degradation due to soil erosio
Page 175 and 176: Banana crop with mucuna as a cover
Page 177 and 178: Types of soil cover: lablab plus ma
Page 179 and 180: The pigeon pea crop has been left o
Page 181 and 182: Demonstrating conservation agricult
Page 183: Transferring crop residue for lives
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