Conservation agriculture Tanzania_casestudy.pdf - Sokoine ...

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10 Benefi ts and effects of conservation agriculture adoption in Karatu ................88Agronomic and environmental aspects in the field ...................................................88Socio-economic and process aspects .........................................................................9011 Challenges in Karatu ...................................................................................91Project sustainability not ensured in many projects ..................................................91Inadequate coordination at the district level ............................................................91Too much focus on individual farmers and lack of proper analysis .........................91Limited extension staff and knowledge of how conservation agriculturecan best fit in different systems .................................................................................91Lack of implements in the district ............................................................................92Inadequate policy analysis and advocacy of related issues .......................................92Problems of attaining permanent soil cover and weed control ................................92Competition for livestock feeds and soil cover ..........................................................92Weak bylaw establishment and enforcement ............................................................93Limited access to cover crop planting materials .......................................................93Low rainfall ...............................................................................................................93Limited knowledge in agronomic practices for different cover crops .......................9312 Conclusion .................................................................................................9313 Recommendations......................................................................................94Encourage conservation agriculture programmes, not projects ...............................96References ......................................................................................................97Appendix 1 Institutes and projects responsible for agricultural and environmentalconservation development ...............................................................99Appendix 2 Livelihood characteristics in Kilimatembo, Karatu District ..................103Appendix 3 Estates in Karatu District ................................................................104FiguresFigure 1 Map of Karatu ...............................................................................................60Figure 2 Land physiography .........................................................................................65Figure 3 Agroforestry systems practised in the study area…… .....................................69TablesTable 1 Rainfall data 2000–2005 .................................................................................62Table 2 Cropping calendar ..........................................................................................68Table 3 Yield increase from Alfred’s farm as a result of switching from conventionalagriculture to conservation agriculture............................................................89Table 4 Labour required for different activities in conventional and conservationagriculture……….. ........................................................................................ 89Table 5 Time required and weeding costs in conventional fields and with directplanting through cover crops ..........................................................................9o52 Ringo et al.
AbbreviationsACTAIDSCACAMATECCA-SARDCOPECCTPDALDODAPFAOFFSFGDGOTGTZHIVIFADIIIWCCAKDAKDCMBKNALEPNRMPADEPRECODARIDEPSARISFISLMTAFTEMDOTFATFSCURTWWFAfrica Conservation Tillageacquired immunodeficiency syndromeconservation agricultureCentre for Agricultural Mechanization and Rural TechnologyConservation Agriculture for Sustainable Agriculture and RuralDevelopmentcomprehensive participatory environmental conservationConservation Tillage Projectdistrict agricultural and livestock development officerdraught-animal powerFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsfarmer field schoolfocus group discussiongovernment of TanzaniaDeutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbHhuman immunodeficiency virusInternational Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentThird World Congress in Conservation AgricultureKaratu Development AgencyKaratu District CouncilMazingira Bora KaratuNational Livestock Extension Projectnatural resource managementParticipatory Agricultural and Empowerment ProjectResearch, Community and Organizational DevelopmentAssociatesRegional Integrated Development ProgrammeSelian Agricultural Research InstituteSoil Fertility Initiativesusainable land managementTanzania Association of ForestersTanzania Engineering and Manufacturing Design OrganizationTanganyika Farmers AssociationTanzania Farmers’ Service CentreUnited Republic of TanzaniaWorld Wide Fund for NatureUnits and measurements1 acre = 0.405 ha1 ha = 2.47 acresKaratu District 53
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ContentsPreface ...................
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Full conservation agriculture, howe
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February 2005, which made possible
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Table B. Key characteristics of cas
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Overemphasis on field-scale, techni
Page 26 and 27: Arumeru DistrictCatherine W. Maguzu
Page 28 and 29: 8 Gaps and challenges .............
Page 30 and 31: Executive summaryA case study of co
Page 32 and 33: It has shown increase in yields, re
Page 34 and 35: The case study teamThe local team w
Page 36 and 37: NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
Page 38 and 39: MarketsThe urban centres are Kikati
Page 40 and 41: middle-aged, who migrate to towns t
Page 42 and 43: 4 Conservation agriculture historyI
Page 44 and 45: maize, pigeon pea, and lablab seeds
Page 46 and 47: herbicide was completely abandoned
Page 48 and 49: Most of the implements, except the
Page 50 and 51: 6 Adapting and diffusing conservati
Page 52 and 53: villages with eight farmers (Mwalle
Page 54 and 55: ecognition and enforcement of the b
Page 56 and 57: Table 3. Labour for conservation ag
Page 58 and 59: Timeliness in irrigating a farm is
Page 60 and 61: to rehabilitate his land by constru
Page 62 and 63: Land tenureSmall-scale farmers will
Page 64 and 65: and handling herbicides should be d
Page 66 and 67: Appendix 1Conservation agriculture
Page 68 and 69: Organization Activities Methods to
Page 70 and 71: Appendix 3Lablab and mucuna seed di
Page 73: Karatu DistrictDominick E. Ringo, C
Page 78 and 79: Karatu acknowledgementsWe are very
Page 80 and 81: Forces driving for adoption of cons
Page 82 and 83: Despite the soundness of conservati
Page 84 and 85: NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
Page 86 and 87: TemperatureTemperature decreases wi
Page 88 and 89: Most of the surface and underground
Page 90 and 91: crop does not store well. But when
Page 92 and 93: used to attend to AIDS sufferers an
Page 94 and 95: Erosion is now considered responsib
Page 96 and 97: Traditional methods of soil conserv
Page 98 and 99: Tanzania Association of ForestersAc
Page 100 and 101: Tanganyika Farmers AssociationAchie
Page 102 and 103: History of conservation agriculture
Page 104 and 105: what is feasible is to intercrop, w
Page 106 and 107: to connect experiences from differe
Page 108 and 109: mainly cover crop practices were ad
Page 110 and 111: Alfred’s neighbour Cornel has bee
Page 112 and 113: study tours, organizing farmer fiel
Page 114 and 115: Socio-economic and process aspectsW
Page 116 and 117: abreast of information. Information
Page 118 and 119: availability of agriculture credit,
Page 120 and 121: package being introduced should con
Page 122 and 123: of a planning workshop on conservat
Page 124 and 125: Organiza tionRIDEP (1980-1984)Natio
Page 126 and 127:
Organiza tionMazingira BoraKaratu (
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Appendix 3 Estates in Karatu Distri
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ContentsAbbreviations .............
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AbbreviationsARIAgricultural Resear
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1 IntroductionOver 80% of the peopl
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3 MethodMbeya was selected as a cas
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Table 1. Agricultural characteristi
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Three agricultural officers serve t
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egin until the first rains. Maize y
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Table 4. Conservation agriculture r
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slasher, machete and billhook (nyen
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Farmers were advised to slash the c
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technical support. Trial treatments
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In the latest FARM Africa project,
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Crop yieldsNineteen farmers in Wang
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Changes in costs and incomeThe aver
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• Farmers proposed that to improv
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10 Gaps and challengesDespite the s
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12 Recommendations• While some be
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix 1 Selected farmer profiles
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No. Farmer name M/F Age(yrs)Fam ily
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Appendix 3Intervention detailsIniti
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Conservation agriculture technology
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Land degradation due to soil erosio
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Banana crop with mucuna as a cover
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Types of soil cover: lablab plus ma
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The pigeon pea crop has been left o
Page 181 and 182:
Demonstrating conservation agricult
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Transferring crop residue for lives
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