Conservation agriculture Tanzania_casestudy.pdf - Sokoine ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Appendix 2Village households and population inWanging’ombe and Mshewe WardsNo. Wanging’ombe Ward Mshewe WardVillages House holds Population Villages Households Population(no.)(no.)1 Wanging’ombe 539 2274 Mshewe 367 18772 Utiga 546 2304 Muvwa 417 17303 Mayale 532 1405 Njelenje 338 16364 Lyadebwe 404 1707 Mapogoro 206 7095 Itandula 197 839 Mjele 389 17146 Kijombe 446 1884 Ipwizi 90 6767 Ukomola 207 880 Chang’ombe 128 6518 Lyamluki 293 1241 Ilota 212 8709 Ufwala 215 91510 Ikwavila 172 73411 Munyelenge 447 188512 Katenge 597 2519Total 12 4595 18587 8 2147 9863144 Mkomwa et al.
Appendix 3Intervention detailsInitial conservation agriculture approaches by ARI Uyole (1998–2003)Animal-powered ridging, tied ridging, ripping and ploughing were compared onfarmin trial plots for a farmer research group in Wanging’ombe. Each of the 12farmers in the research group managed four subplots, 9.75 x 30 m. Tilling wasstarted two weeks before expected rainfall. Planting was done before or with onsetof rainfall. Weeds were managed using the ridger in ridged plots, the tie ridger intied ridge plots, contact herbicide (Gramoxone) in ripped plots and the hand hoe inthe ploughed plots. These practices were repeated for the second weeding—exceptthat herbicide was replaced with ox ploughing. Cover crops and soil cover werenot considered. In the years that followed, ridges and ripped planting furrows weremaintained, no ridges were split.Farmers contributed land, oxen and labour, while ARI Uyole supplied a testimplement set for each group, improved seeds, fertilizers, herbicides and technicalsupport. The two village extension officers in Wanging’ombe Ward, which has 12villages, constantly supervised the research trials and facilitated group organization.Farmer research group members were guided in evaluating and ranking the farmtools. They were then encouraged to choose technology for scaling up. Field daysinvolving other villagers and outsiders were held before harvest.Conservation agriculture technology introduced under NAEP (2001)Conservation agriculture initiatives by the National Agricultural Extension Project(NAEP) for the Soil Fertility Recapitalization and Agricultural Intensification Project(SOFRAIP) were implemented by the Mbeya District agricultural extension officerin Njelenje and Mshewe and involved 40 farmers in 2001. They used ripping withoxen and the herbicide Round-Up applied two weeks before planting. Fertilizersand seeds, enough for 0.5 ha for each farmer, were provided on credit and as a basisfor a revolving loan fund.Decentralized decisions provided leeway for some farmers to replace Round-Upwith fertilizers, and conventional ploughing was substituted for ripping. Farmerswere familiar with the dramatic results of chemical fertilizers as opposed to Round-Up or long-term soil conserving measures. Cover crops were not included andresearchers were not involved.Rippers were purchased from SEAZ and fertilizers and herbicides were distributedby Tanzania Fertilizer Company and Tanganyika Farmers Company of Mbeya cityand, to a limited extent, by local dealers.For Mbeya region, this pilot project was also implemented by Mbozi and MbaraliDistricts, with several conservation agriculture combinations. For example, MbaraliDistrict introduced comparisons of planting systems with cover crops: mucuna ormaize intercropped with mucuna and maize. The initiative lasted only one seasonand no attempt was made to recover loans provided to farmers for the supplies.This set a bad precedent for recovering future loans.Mbeya District 145
Page 6:
ContentsPreface ...................
Page 10:
Full conservation agriculture, howe
Page 13 and 14:
February 2005, which made possible
Page 16 and 17:
Table B. Key characteristics of cas
Page 18:
Overemphasis on field-scale, techni
Page 26 and 27:
Arumeru DistrictCatherine W. Maguzu
Page 28 and 29:
8 Gaps and challenges .............
Page 30 and 31:
Executive summaryA case study of co
Page 32 and 33:
It has shown increase in yields, re
Page 34 and 35:
The case study teamThe local team w
Page 36 and 37:
NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
Page 38 and 39:
MarketsThe urban centres are Kikati
Page 40 and 41:
middle-aged, who migrate to towns t
Page 42 and 43:
4 Conservation agriculture historyI
Page 44 and 45:
maize, pigeon pea, and lablab seeds
Page 46 and 47:
herbicide was completely abandoned
Page 48 and 49:
Most of the implements, except the
Page 50 and 51:
6 Adapting and diffusing conservati
Page 52 and 53:
villages with eight farmers (Mwalle
Page 54 and 55:
ecognition and enforcement of the b
Page 56 and 57:
Table 3. Labour for conservation ag
Page 58 and 59:
Timeliness in irrigating a farm is
Page 60 and 61:
to rehabilitate his land by constru
Page 62 and 63:
Land tenureSmall-scale farmers will
Page 64 and 65:
and handling herbicides should be d
Page 66 and 67:
Appendix 1Conservation agriculture
Page 68 and 69:
Organization Activities Methods to
Page 70 and 71:
Appendix 3Lablab and mucuna seed di
Page 73:
Karatu DistrictDominick E. Ringo, C
Page 76 and 77:
10 Benefi ts and effects of conserv
Page 78 and 79:
Karatu acknowledgementsWe are very
Page 80 and 81:
Forces driving for adoption of cons
Page 82 and 83:
Despite the soundness of conservati
Page 84 and 85:
NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
Page 86 and 87:
TemperatureTemperature decreases wi
Page 88 and 89:
Most of the surface and underground
Page 90 and 91:
crop does not store well. But when
Page 92 and 93:
used to attend to AIDS sufferers an
Page 94 and 95:
Erosion is now considered responsib
Page 96 and 97:
Traditional methods of soil conserv
Page 98 and 99:
Tanzania Association of ForestersAc
Page 100 and 101:
Tanganyika Farmers AssociationAchie
Page 102 and 103:
History of conservation agriculture
Page 104 and 105:
what is feasible is to intercrop, w
Page 106 and 107:
to connect experiences from differe
Page 108 and 109:
mainly cover crop practices were ad
Page 110 and 111:
Alfred’s neighbour Cornel has bee
Page 112 and 113:
study tours, organizing farmer fiel
Page 114 and 115:
Socio-economic and process aspectsW
Page 116 and 117:
abreast of information. Information
Page 118 and 119: availability of agriculture credit,
Page 120 and 121: package being introduced should con
Page 122 and 123: of a planning workshop on conservat
Page 124 and 125: Organiza tionRIDEP (1980-1984)Natio
Page 126 and 127: Organiza tionMazingira BoraKaratu (
Page 128 and 129: Appendix 3 Estates in Karatu Distri
Page 131 and 132: ContentsAbbreviations .............
Page 133 and 134: AbbreviationsARIAgricultural Resear
Page 135 and 136: 1 IntroductionOver 80% of the peopl
Page 137 and 138: 3 MethodMbeya was selected as a cas
Page 139 and 140: Table 1. Agricultural characteristi
Page 141 and 142: Three agricultural officers serve t
Page 143 and 144: egin until the first rains. Maize y
Page 145 and 146: Table 4. Conservation agriculture r
Page 147 and 148: slasher, machete and billhook (nyen
Page 149 and 150: Farmers were advised to slash the c
Page 151 and 152: technical support. Trial treatments
Page 153 and 154: In the latest FARM Africa project,
Page 155 and 156: Crop yieldsNineteen farmers in Wang
Page 157 and 158: Changes in costs and incomeThe aver
Page 159 and 160: • Farmers proposed that to improv
Page 161 and 162: 10 Gaps and challengesDespite the s
Page 163 and 164: 12 Recommendations• While some be
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 1 Selected farmer profiles
Page 167: No. Farmer name M/F Age(yrs)Fam ily
Page 171 and 172: Conservation agriculture technology
Page 173 and 174: Land degradation due to soil erosio
Page 175 and 176: Banana crop with mucuna as a cover
Page 177 and 178: Types of soil cover: lablab plus ma
Page 179 and 180: The pigeon pea crop has been left o
Page 181 and 182: Demonstrating conservation agricult
Page 183: Transferring crop residue for lives
show all

Conservation agriculture Tanzania_casestudy.pdf - Sokoine ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?