Conservation agriculture Tanzania_casestudy.pdf - Sokoine ...

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able 5. Conservation agriculture interventions and adoption in Mbeya and NjombeDistrictsVillage Financier Conservation agriculturepackagesWangi ng’ombe TARPII, MAFS–World Bank Ridges, tied ridges, ripper vsplough, no cover cropTARPII, MAFS SFI–WorldBankTARPII, MAFS SFI–WorldBankKanamalenga TARPII, MAFS SFI–WorldBankTARPII, MAFS SFI–WorldBankJab planter, direct seeder, ripper,cover crop vs ploughRipper, deep-rooted cover crops Iand II vs ploughAgroforestryJab planter, direct seeder, ripper,cover crop vs ploughRipper, deep-rooted cover crop Iand II vs ploughAgroforestryMayale TARPII, SUA Ripper, ripper planter, tied ridgesvs ploughHouseholds (no.)1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006FARM Africa Ripper, cover crop vs plough 32 32Njelenje TARPII, MAFS–World Bank Jab planter, direct seeder, ripper,10 25FAOcover crop vs ploughMapogoro FAO Jab planter, direct seeder, ripper,25cover crop vs ploughMuvwa FAO Jab planter, direct seeder, ripper,25cover crop vs ploughTotalAdopters (no.)8 0 0 54 0 0 107 32 20188510417Adopters (%)2 25 44 Wait &see25 46 41 3571130 Mkomwa et al.
Crop yieldsNineteen farmers in Wanging’ombe village were introduced to ripping andimproved soil cover with mucuna in 2001. Five doubled maize yield and increasedsunflower production 360%, compared with conventional mouldboard ploughing(table 6). However, the variables were not only tilling technique and cover crop butalso commercial fertilizers. The other 14 farmers did not get similar yields becausethey could not afford these fertilizers.Farmers in Mayale village reported that crops and yields were more stable sinceadopting conservation agriculture technology. They were able to harvest a maizecrop from ripped plots in 2001 when rainfall was merely 560 mm and savedsubstantial labour, 67.2% (table 7). Ripping captured rainwater, along with localstorage. Cover crops, especially mucuna, provided mulch to hold moisture andincrease crop stability against drought.Table 6. Mean maize and sunfl ower yields using ripping and mucuna inWanging’ombe and Mshewe Wards aWard Crop yield Conventionalcultivation bYield (kg/ha)Conservationagriculture cIncrease(%)Wanging’ombe maize 1125 2250 100sunfl ower 750 2700 360Mshewe maize 1500 2900 93sunfl ower 625 1500 140Source: Field dataaMeans of 5 farmer fi eld school members in Wanging’ombe and 8 in MshewebPlanting behind the plough at the start of the rains followed by two hand hoe weedingscOpening planting furrows with ox-drawn ripper on unploughed fi elds before or at onset of rains,hand planting seeds, two weedings with ox cultivatorTable 7. Mean maize yield on farmer trial plots at Mayale in 2001 (7 farmers)TreatmentField capacity(ha/hr) aLabour(workdays/ha) bMaize grain yield(kg/ha)Ox ripper 0.0719 a 31.6 b 1344 aOx ripper planter 0.0721 a 29.6 b 1059 bOx tied ridges 0.0194 b 102.6 a 1021 bOx plough 0.0211 b 96.2 a 1066 bGrand mean 0.0461 65.0 1122Variation (%) 29 11 22Source: Mkomwa 2002ahectares worked in one hour by the ox team, two operators and a pair of oxenBlabour for planting, opening a furrow, placing seed, fertilizer and covering seedMore labour would be saved if the full ripper and planter attachment were used.It is possible for one person to open up the soil and plant seeds. The ripper planter,TZS 190,000, was not the choice of farmers because it was more expensive than theripper, TZS 120,000, and seed metering, with ungraded farmer seeds, was uneven.Mbeya District 131
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ContentsPreface ...................
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Full conservation agriculture, howe
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February 2005, which made possible
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Table B. Key characteristics of cas
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Overemphasis on field-scale, techni
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Arumeru DistrictCatherine W. Maguzu
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8 Gaps and challenges .............
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Executive summaryA case study of co
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It has shown increase in yields, re
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The case study teamThe local team w
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NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
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MarketsThe urban centres are Kikati
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middle-aged, who migrate to towns t
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4 Conservation agriculture historyI
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maize, pigeon pea, and lablab seeds
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herbicide was completely abandoned
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Most of the implements, except the
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6 Adapting and diffusing conservati
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villages with eight farmers (Mwalle
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ecognition and enforcement of the b
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Table 3. Labour for conservation ag
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Timeliness in irrigating a farm is
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to rehabilitate his land by constru
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Land tenureSmall-scale farmers will
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and handling herbicides should be d
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Appendix 1Conservation agriculture
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Organization Activities Methods to
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Appendix 3Lablab and mucuna seed di
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Karatu DistrictDominick E. Ringo, C
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10 Benefi ts and effects of conserv
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Karatu acknowledgementsWe are very
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Forces driving for adoption of cons
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Despite the soundness of conservati
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NgorongoroKageraMaraMonduliArumeruM
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TemperatureTemperature decreases wi
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Most of the surface and underground
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crop does not store well. But when
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used to attend to AIDS sufferers an
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Erosion is now considered responsib
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Traditional methods of soil conserv
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Tanzania Association of ForestersAc
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Tanganyika Farmers AssociationAchie
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History of conservation agriculture
Page 104 and 105: what is feasible is to intercrop, w
Page 106 and 107: to connect experiences from differe
Page 108 and 109: mainly cover crop practices were ad
Page 110 and 111: Alfred’s neighbour Cornel has bee
Page 112 and 113: study tours, organizing farmer fiel
Page 114 and 115: Socio-economic and process aspectsW
Page 116 and 117: abreast of information. Information
Page 118 and 119: availability of agriculture credit,
Page 120 and 121: package being introduced should con
Page 122 and 123: of a planning workshop on conservat
Page 124 and 125: Organiza tionRIDEP (1980-1984)Natio
Page 126 and 127: Organiza tionMazingira BoraKaratu (
Page 128 and 129: Appendix 3 Estates in Karatu Distri
Page 131 and 132: ContentsAbbreviations .............
Page 133 and 134: AbbreviationsARIAgricultural Resear
Page 135 and 136: 1 IntroductionOver 80% of the peopl
Page 137 and 138: 3 MethodMbeya was selected as a cas
Page 139 and 140: Table 1. Agricultural characteristi
Page 141 and 142: Three agricultural officers serve t
Page 143 and 144: egin until the first rains. Maize y
Page 145 and 146: Table 4. Conservation agriculture r
Page 147 and 148: slasher, machete and billhook (nyen
Page 149 and 150: Farmers were advised to slash the c
Page 151 and 152: technical support. Trial treatments
Page 153: In the latest FARM Africa project,
Page 157 and 158: Changes in costs and incomeThe aver
Page 159 and 160: • Farmers proposed that to improv
Page 161 and 162: 10 Gaps and challengesDespite the s
Page 163 and 164: 12 Recommendations• While some be
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 1 Selected farmer profiles
Page 167 and 168: No. Farmer name M/F Age(yrs)Fam ily
Page 169 and 170: Appendix 3Intervention detailsIniti
Page 171 and 172: Conservation agriculture technology
Page 173 and 174: Land degradation due to soil erosio
Page 175 and 176: Banana crop with mucuna as a cover
Page 177 and 178: Types of soil cover: lablab plus ma
Page 179 and 180: The pigeon pea crop has been left o
Page 181 and 182: Demonstrating conservation agricult
Page 183: Transferring crop residue for lives
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