Conservation agriculture Tanzania_casestudy.pdf - Sokoine ...

ContentsAbbreviations ....................................................................................................109Executive summary ...........................................................................................1101 Introduction................................................................................................1112 Case study objectives .................................................................................112General objective ......................................................................................................112Specific objectives......................................................................................................1123 Method ......................................................................................................1134 Biophysical, socio-economic and institutional environment .............................113Geography of Wanging’ombe and Mshewe Wards ..................................................113Health, socio-ecnomic and cultural aspects ..............................................................116Institutions .................................................................................................................1165 Agricultural enterprises ...............................................................................117Crops .........................................................................................................................117Livestock ....................................................................................................................119Crop and livestock interaction ..................................................................................1196 Conservation agriculture work in Mbeya and Njombe .....................................1207 Conservation agriculture technology ............................................................122Conservation agriculture pathway ............................................................................122Implements used .......................................................................................................122Dry seeding and labour peaks ...................................................................................124Soil cover ...................................................................................................................124Crop rotation.............................................................................................................125Indigenous conservation agriculture .........................................................................1258 Adapting and diffusing conservation agriculture ............................................126Targeted population ..................................................................................................126Introducing conservation agriculture ........................................................................126Partners .....................................................................................................................126Approaches and methods ..........................................................................................127Promotions ................................................................................................................1299 Conservation agriculture adoption ................................................................129Adoption rates ...........................................................................................................129Crop yields ................................................................................................................131Planting calendars .....................................................................................................132Weeding calendars ....................................................................................................132Changes in soil fertility and erosion ..........................................................................132Changes in costs and incomd ....................................................................................133Cover crop food value and risks ...............................................................................133Farmer modifications to conservation agriculture ....................................................133Conservation agriculture technology effect on workload..........................................135Conservation agriculture farmer relationships with neighbours ...............................135Conservation agriculture and female-headed households ........................................135Land tenure system and adopting conservation agriculture .....................................136Entry points and pathways ........................................................................................136Government policies affecting conservation agriculture ...........................................136Mbeya District 107