Descriptive Psychopathology: The Signs and Symptoms of ...

309 Chapter 12: Obsessive–compulsive behaviors77 Uher and Treasure (2002).78 Grant et al. (2002); Ruffolo et al. (2006).79 Phillips et al. (2005, 2006).80 Ibid.81 Braam et al. (2006).82 Frare et al. (2004).83 Grant and Phillips (2005).84 Rabe-Jablonska and Sobow Tomasz (2000); Phillips and Kaye (2007).85 Coles et al. (2006).86 Ruffolo et al. (2006).87 Suzuki et al. (2003).88 Critchley (1950). Cummings (1988) offers terms for specific abnormal perceptions of bodyparts. These are hyperschemazia (larger and heavier), hyposchemazia (wasted or light),aschemazia (missing), hemisomatognosia (one half of the body is felt to be missing), andparaschemazia (distorted, twisted or ectopic).89 Creed and Barsky (2004).90 The original meaning of hypochondriasis referred to depressive illness with predominantsymptoms below the rib cage.91 Fallon et al. (2000); Abramowitz (2005); Fink et al. (2004); Ferguson (2004). Ferguson,using the Five Factor Model of personality, found an association between hypochondriasisand low conscientiousness and low emotional stability. Chapter 14 provides a discussionof the dimensional view of personality.92 Abramowitz and Braddock (2006).93 Ibid.94 Langevin (2006) reports that almost 50% of male sexual offenders had previous andsubstantial traumatic brain injury. Briken et al. (2005) found about one-third of sexualmurderers to have substantial evidence of brain abnormality. Persons who engage in incestare more likely to also abuse illicit drugs and alcohol (Firestone et al., 2005).95 DSM III 1980.96 Black et al. (1997).97 Coleman (1992).98 Krueger and Kaplan (2001).99 Black et al. (1997).100 Raymond et al. (2003).101 Anthony and Hollander (1992).102 Coleman (1992).103 Black et al. (1997).104 Fineberg et al. (2007); Phillips and Kaye (2007).105 Fineberg et al. (2007); see Chapter 14 for a discussion of dimensional personality traits,Chapter 15 for a description of obsessive–compulsive personality, and Chapter 16 for theevidence indicating it is best considered a mild form of OCD rather than an Axis IIcondition.