Descriptive Psychopathology: The Signs and Symptoms of ...

482 Indexscanning speech 230schizaphasia 237schizoaffective disorder, proposed changes inclassification 384, 386–387schizoid personality 247schizophrenia 244associated features 245–246Bleuler’s primary symptoms 36–37and catatonia 11–12, 387characteristic psychopathology 245and classic OCD 298criteria required for diagnosis 383defining features of 247delineation of 244–245misdiagnosis of 42–44pre-psychotic features 246proposed modification of criteria identifying374, 384–385proposed revision of criterion A 387spectrum conditions 247speech and language features 240, 248, 251studies of delusions 80studies of hallucinations 77schizophreniform psychosis, proposed eliminationof category 385–386schizotypal personality disorder 247, 355–356Schneider, Kurt 10, 43, 232, 238, 260, 262, 278, 333seasonal affective disorder (SAD) 52secondary eating disorders 303secondary emotions 74seizure disordermisdiagnosis 182–183movement features of 168movements associated with 169questions for past illness 124similarity to migraine 266self-decoration, excessive, link withmanic-depression 146–147self-injury 297–298self-monitoring, source of delusions 274self-mutilation 297–298semantic memory, assessment of 326–327sensory information, processing of 66serotonergic dysfunction and OCD 61–62sexual behaviors, compulsive 305–306sexual orientation and gender identity 341–343sexual trauma, effects on personality 346shared delusional/psychotic disorder 287proposed elimination of category 387Siever, L.J. 337Sims, A. 198skin disorders, aid to diagnosis 147Slater, Elliot 41sleep disordersinternational classification of 170in patients with GTS syndrome 300questions for past illness 123–124sleep automatism 170sleep bruxism 172sleep paralysis 172–203sleep “starts”/jerks 171sleep-related abnormal movements 168–169cataplexy and sleep paralysis 172–203dyssomnias 169–170parasomnias 171–172smoking, effect on psychopathology 362social behaviors, cultural differences in 136–137social phobia 219–220social psychiatry movement 42“soft bipolar spectrum” 210–211somatization disorder 28somatoform disorder 264–265proposed changes in classification 390–391somnambulism 171spatial orientation, testing early Alzheimer’sdisease 324specific phobic disorder 217–218speech arrest 232speech, conversational, aspects of 226speech gesturing 149–150speech and language disturbancesaphasia 225–229articulation of speech 230–231conversational speech 224–225examination of 224formal thought disorder (FTD) 237–243organization of speech 233–237production of speech 231–233reading and writing 229–230in schizophrenia 244–247speech mannerisms, catatonic patients 162speech-prompt catatonia 162spinal cord, function of 67Spitzka, Edward 33SSRI versus TCA for melancholia 377stammering 230startle disease 188state-dependent memory 285stereotypic speech 232stereotypy, catatonia 163–164stiff-person syndrome 188–189streptococcal A infection, and possibleemergence of PANDAS 300–301stresseffects on brain areas 75and melancholia 376role of hippocampus 73stroke, personality changes following 360stupor 138, 162, 378stuttering 230–231Styron, William 212subcortical aphasia, characteristic speech patterns 240subcortical disease, distinguishing fromcortical 328–329subjective awareness of emotion, deficit in 204subjective experiences 54–55subtle motor system model, idiopathic movementdisturbances 184–185suicidecultural variants 289suicidal thoughts 288suicide risk, assessment of 117