Descriptive Psychopathology: The Signs and Symptoms of ...

365 Chapter 15: Abnormal trait behaviorsby the dimensional formulation. The dimensional perspective offers better clinicalguidance to diagnosis and patient care. It better predicts associations with statesof illness and shapes behavioral interventions.NOTES1 Schneider (1959), page 15.2 Torgersen et al. (2000). Patients with schizotypal personality have associated brain structuraland functional abnormality in frontal–limbic areas (Koo et al., 2006a, 2006b; Dickeyet al., 2007).3 Commonly defined as within 1.5 standard deviations from the mean.4 Benedict (1934).5 Henderson et al. (1981) referred to a state of real or perceived deficiency in interpersonalrelationships as anophelia.6 Widiger and Samuel (2005). See also Chapter 16.7 Bornstein (1998).8 Widiger et al. (1988).9 Verheul and Widiger (2004).10 Chapter 16 provides proposed changes. Also see Widiger and Samuel (2005).11 Jablensky (2002); Sprock (2003).12 Sprock (2003).13 After a lecture to second-year medical students on personality disorders, several studentswho had grown up in inner cities told one of us that some of them and many of theirfriends behaved in a fashion similar to the criteria for ASP, but that “everyone” knew whichkids were “really bad”.14 McGlashan et al. (2005); Costa (1991); McCrae et al. (2001).15 Hampson and Goldberg (2006); Durbin and Klein (2006).16 McGlashan et al. (2005).17 McGlashan et al. (2005).18 McGlashan et al. (2005); Nurnberg et al. (1991).19 McGlashan et al. (2005).20 McGlashan et al. (2005).21 Siever (1994); Siever and Davis (2004).22 Siever (1994); Siever and Davis (2004).23 Kendler et al. (2006).24 Siever (1994); Siever and Davis (2004).25 Common examples seen in both genders are designer haircuts, and extravagant manicuresand pedicures, all-year-round salon tans, and wearing excessive jewelry.26 Tattoos in both men and women are clearly designed to attract attention.27 Persons with histrionic or narcissistic personalities are inexact in relating their history.Description of symptoms is vague, the pain is “all over”, the diarrhea is “always a problem”,and the onset is “as long as I can remember”.