Descriptive Psychopathology: The Signs and Symptoms of ...

475 Indexcoordination problems 178cortical disease, distinguishing fromsubcortical 328–329cortisol levels in manic-depression 76, 376, 381–382Cotard syndrome 57, 281Courbon, P. 280Critchley, MacDonald 57crying, pathological 202Cullen, William 27cultural differencesbereavement 344catatonia 165–166in social behaviors 136–137culturally deviant ideas 289cycloid psychosis 386–387cyclothymia 210, 211Damasio, A. 55Davis, K.L. 337declarative memory, assessment of 326–327degenerative brain disease, identifying earlystages of 319–321déjà vu, false memories 286deliriumassessment of 318delirious mania 154–155, 160, 210, 258delirious melancholia 213–214speech and language features 248delusional atmosphere/mood 277delusional disorder 281erotomania 281–282paranoia 284paraphrenia 284with depression 283with grandiose delusions 282delusional perception 278delusions 272, 276–277delusional memories 285–287diagnosing 97–98, 275neurology of 80–82obsessions and ruminations 288of psychotic depression 215over-valued ideas/beliefs 287primary and secondary 276sources of development 273–276t y pes of277–281see also delusional disorderdissociation 26dementiaassessment of319–321frontal–temporal, assessing for 322speech and language features 248dementia praecox 32, 34–36emotional blunting 199Kraepelin’s tripartite mind concept 244Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias(Bleuler) 41demoralization due to terminal illness 345denial of illness (anosagnosia) 57, 199, 259,298, 324dependent and avoidant personality, proposedchanges to classification 393depersonalization 140–141phobic-anxiety-depersonalization syndrome(PAD) 220depression/depressive illnessbody language 205identifiable with melancholia syndrome 375–376perinatal, proposed reclassification asmelancholia 378–379poor validity of DSM classification 375with catatonia or stupor, as severe form ofmelancholia 378see also major depressionderailment 243derealization 139, 140–141, 267dereistic thinking 278descriptive psychopathology principles 91–92objective observation 92–94precise terminology 94–97separation of form from content 97–98deviance without psychopathology 341deviant sexual behavior 305deviant temperament dimensions and associatedpsychopathology 358, 359Devinsky, O. 143, 182dexamethasone suppression test (DST), nonsuppressionand melancholia 376, 379–380diagnosisDSM and ICD classification systemsfalse positives and negatives 8–13, 352–354offer false choices 13poor validity of 8weak reliability of 5–6eliminating possibilities to reach 104–105importance of obtaining complete symptomfeatures 98–101principles of 101–104digit span, cognitive test for dementia 319digit symbol substitution test 331dimensionalitymodels for personality disorders 391–392of personality traits 337, 351–352stability of 354disconnection syndromes 192–193disinhibited syndrome 60–61proposed inclusion as separate category 388disorder, problems with DSM definition of 54dissociative disorders 139depersonalization and derealization 140–141dissociative amnesia 141–142dissociative fugues 142dissociative identity disorder (DID) 142–145proposed changes in classification 374–375, 391divorce, effects on personality 345–346Doppelgänger phenomenon 259dorsal emotion system 71–72dorsolateral circuit, frontal lobes, effects ofdysfunction in 59–60dress, excessive self-decoration andmania 145–147dressing dyspraxia 167