Descriptive Psychopathology: The Signs and Symptoms of ...

481 Indexphenomenology, descriptive psychopathologyas 91–92phobias, specific 217–218phobic-anxiety-depersonalization syndrome(PAD) 220phonemes (hallucinated voices) 261–262photopsia 271phrenology, personality theories 332–333physical anomalies 148association with disease 147–148Pinel, Phillippe 347Piper, A. Jr. 143Pitts, F.N. 29portmanteau words 242–243post-concussion syndrome, assessment questions 127post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 28assessment questions 127posturing 163, 169praxis, visual–spatial function testing 325prefrontal cortexrole in emotional regulation 73role in movement 68pregnancy and post partum problems 125–126pressured speech (logorrhea) 231primary emotions 73–74primary and secondary gain 194primordial delusion 277–278private word usage 241–242problem solving abilitiesassessing in frontal–temporal dementia 323frontal–temporal dementia 323procedural memoryassessment of 328problems 178–179prosectic speech 162proskinesis (automatic movements) 164pseudo-hallucinations 257pseudoseizures 179, 180, 182–183pseudodementia 102pseudologia fantastica 286–287“pseudopsychopathic personality” 61psychiatric classificationfrontal lobe syndromes, proposedinclusion in 388historical perspectives 22–23decline of diagnostic standards 39–44driven by theory 23–29emergence of present-day nosology 33–39formulation of DSM 44–46nineteenth century ideas 29–33pre-nineteenth century 29and OCD spectrum 293–294personality disorderpresent categorical system 336, 354–358diagnostic instability of 354problems with present system 5–15, 371personality disorder classifications 352–354proposed changes to present system371–374personality disorders 391–393somatoform disorders 390–391psychoanalysisinfluence on decline of psychiatric diagnosticstandards 39–40psychoanalytic model, post World War IIin USA 41psychoanalytic theory 333–334treatments challenging model of 40psychogenic (dissociative) amnesia 141psychogenic movement disorders, diagnosis andmisdiagnosis of 180–183“psychogenic pain” 265–266psychomotor disturbance, in melancholia 211psychopathology, shown in brain disease anddysfunction 56–57psychosensory phenomena 255–263psychosisand classic OCD syndrome 298–299questions for past illness 123psychotic depression 214–215as severe form of melancholia 377–378, 380voice hallucinations in 261psychotic disordersclassificationcatatonia 387–388proposed changes to 383–384schizoaffective disorder 386–387schizophrenia 384–385schizophreniform psychosis 385–386shared psychotic disorder 387proposed changes to present classificationsystem 374pyromania 297race and ethnicity, influence on diagnosticconsiderations 136rambling speech 236–237rating scales, limitations of 118–119reading difficulties 229–230recall of word pairs, test for dementia 320–321receptive aprosodia 204–205recognition, assessment of 328reflex hallucinations 258regulation of movement, disturbancesin 157–158relationships, parent–child, defining the “bigpicture” 134–135religious beliefs about mental illness 24–25, 166REM-related parasomnias 172restless leg syndrome 170retrograde amnesia, assessment of 327retrospective falsification 285rhythmic movement disorder 171right cerebral hemispherecognitive bedside tests 329functions of 64right/left orientation, testing early Alzheimer’sdisease 325Roth, Martin 40, 220Rule of Parsimony, diagnosis 102–104ruminations 288Rush, A.J. 156