Descriptive Psychopathology: The Signs and Symptoms of ...

366 Section 3: Examination domains28 Siever (1994).29 Tantam (1988).30 Chodoff and Lyons (1958).31 Jaspers (1963); Shapero (1965).32 Lilienfeld et al. (1986); Smith et al. (1991).33 Ilkjaer et al. (2004).34 James (1991); Morana et al. (2006); Frei et al. (2006).35 Pally (2002).36 Pelegrin Valero et al. (2001); Joyce et al. (2003).37 Pelegrin Valero et al. (2001); Joyce et al. (2003).38 Pally (2002); Joyce et al. (2003).39 Dyck et al. (2001); Bienvenu and Stein (2003); Brandes and Bienvenu (2006).40 Smith et al. (2005b); Cloninger et al. (2006).41 Khan et al. (2005a).42 Bear and Fedio (1977); Devinsky and Vazquez (1993); Mendez et al. (1993a,b).43 Tavares et al. (2005).44 The connection between migraine and behavioral inhibition is attributed to a commonassociation with pertubations in serotonergic systems (Boz et al., 2004; Abbate-Daga et al.,2007; Sanchez-Roman et al., 2007).45 Kim et al. (2006).46 Bulik et al. (1992); Kleifield et al. (1993).47 Basiaux et al. (2001).48 Mungas (1982).49 Max et al. (2001).50 McAllister (1992); Silver et al. (2004).51 Malloy et al. (1993); Eslinger et al. (2004).52 Greveson et al. (1991); Beckson and Cummings (1991).53 See Chapter 3.54 Cummings and Mega (2003).55 Richard and Kurlan (2002); McDonald et al. (2003).56 Askin-Edgar et al. (2004).57 Todes and Lees (1985).58 Glosser et al. (1995). Studies of human and laboratory animals report a relationshipbetween trait behavior and later basal ganglia disease. Twin data in humans finds anassociation between high behavioral inhibition and low behavioral activation and thereduced use of tobacco. In persons with PD, the association between trait and reduceddopamine uptake is seen in the affected twin only. In laboratory animals, decreasedexploratory behavior, likened to low behavioral activation and high behavioral inhibitionin humans, is also associated with reduced dopamine uptake and is observed in animalswith ablated basal ganglia in animal model studies of early PD.59 Cloninger et al. (1981, 1988a,b); Buydens-Branchey et al. (1989).60 Basiaux et al. (2001).61 Cloninger et al. (1988a).