Descriptive Psychopathology: The Signs and Symptoms of ...

476 Indexdriveling speech 243drug use, assessment of 127DSMchecklist approach leading to misdiagnosis 15–18conversion symptoms 179DSM-II criteria, failure of in selectingtreatments 40DSM-IIImajor changes in classification 45–46origins of 44–45DSM-IVcriteria for schizophrenia 49terminology for emotional experiences 198formulations of personality disorder 336inadequacy of 3–4non-theoretical system 18problems with classification system 371uncertain classification validity 8weak diagnostic reliability 5–6Duck Principle, diagnosis 101dysarthria 230dysdiadochokinesia 178dysesthesia 265dysgraphia 229dyskinesia 174–175tardive dyskinesia (TD) 175–176dyslexia 230dysmegalopsia 254dysmetria 69, 178dysmorphophobia 303–304dysmorphopsia 254dysphonia 231dyspraxia 166–167dyssomnias, movements associated with 169–170dysthymia 210, 374–375dystonia 169, 173–174eating disorders 301–303écho de la pensée (thought echo) 263echolalia 160, 162echopraxia 160, 162electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 40and anterograde amnesia 315, 327effective for melancholic/psychotic depressiveillness 214, 376–377elementary hallucinations 258elliptical speech 240–241emotionbrain regions involved in 72–73chronic 74–75definition of 198primary and secondary 73–74stimuli evoking 71subjective experiences of 55ventral and dorsal systems 71–72emotional blunting 199–200emotional experience 197terminology of 197–198emotional expressionappropriateness of 203–204aspects of 199disturbances inexamining for 205–206intensity 199–201quality 202variability 202–203link with movement 153manic-depression, classic syndromes of 206–211recognition of emotion 204–205emotional incontinence and paroxysms 202emotional personality 359empathydeficits in expression of 204–205definition of 198empathic understanding 91–92environment, effect on personality 338epilepsy, abnormal movements seen in 169“epileptic” personalities 358–359episodic memory, assessment of 327erotomania 281–282Esquirol, Jean-Etienne 30, 281executive function 150–151role of frontal lobes and effects of deficits 59experiential hallucinations 258expressed emotion 120extracampine hallucinations 258eye movement abnormalities 167–168Eysenck, H.J. 337facial expression, aid to diagnosis 148–149factitious disorder 363–364factitious/malingering model, idiopathicmovement disturbances 185factor analysis 335, 348Fail, G. 280Falret, Jean-Pierre 30, 287false memories 285–287false positives and negatives, diagnosis 8–13,352–354fantastic confabulation 286fantastic illusions 255fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) 219faulty thinking, source of delusions 274feeling, definition of 198Feighner, J.P. 264Feuchtersleben, Ernst von 333fine motor problems 158finger tapping, fine motor problems 158Fink, M. 166, 373–374First, M.B. 374first rank symptoms (FRS) 232, 262–263Fish, Frank 234, 238, 255flight-of-ideas 233–236folie à deux 287, 387forced vocalizations 299–300formacation hallucinations 260formal thought disorder (FTD) 237as a form of aphasia 239–243historical perspective 237–239“free-field” behaviors, observation of 135free recall, assessment of 328Fregoli, Leopold 280