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Appendix 6: Article under review – Study IVNote: Revisions are underlined.TITLEBurden and factors associated with highway work-zone crashes, Karachi-Hala road section,PakistanAUTHORS1. Junaid Ahmad BHATTI a,2. Junaid Abdul RAZZAK b3. Emmanuel LAGARDE a4. L.-Rachid SALMI a,c,dAFFILIATIONSa. Equipe Avenir « Prévention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes », Institut National de laSanté et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 897 (INSERM U897), Bordeaux, France.b. Department of Emergency Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.c. Institut de Santé Publique, d’Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), UniversitéVictor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.d. Service d’information médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux,France.CORRESPONDING AUTHORJunaid A. BHATTIEquipe Avenir « Prévention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes »Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 897 (INSERM U897)146 rue Léo Saignât33076 Bordeaux cedexFranceTel: +(33) 5 57 57 45 50Fax: +(33) 5 57 57 45 28Email: junaid.bhatti@yahoo.comCOUNTSAbstract: 178 wordsManuscript: 2 317 wordsReferences: 28Tables: 3Figure: 1110
ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the burden and factors associated with highway work-zone (HWZ)crashes.Design: Historical cohort.Setting: Karachi-Hala road-section, Pakistan (196 km).Data: Police reported crashes and traffic statistics from Jan 06 to Dec 08.Analysis: Crash and fatality risk between HWZ and other zones for a 50-km-long sectionwere compared. Crash locations were described for a further 146-km-long section on whichfactors associated with HWZ crashes were assessed.Results: HWZs accounted for 15.0% of traffic crashes (N=180) and 30.8% of road fatalities(N=91) on the 196-km-long section. Rates were higher in HWZ compared to other zones forcrash (rate ratio (RR) = 2.35, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.17-4.70) and fatality (RR= 4.70, 95%CI = 2.11-10.46). Opposite-direction (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=10.65, 95%CI=3.22-35.25) and traffic crashes involving pedestrians (aOR=6.03, 95%CI=1.39-26.20) andon wet surfaces (aOR=7.26, 95%CI=4.15-48.89) were significantly associated with HWZs.Conclusion: These results orient toward prevention measures such as strict trafficenforcement, traffic separation, improving pedestrians’ conspicuity, and hazard signage atHWZs in Pakistan. Feasibility and effectiveness of these measures remains to be evaluated.Keywords: Developing country; road/traffic accidents; severity; trauma.Abbreviations: HWZ, highway work zones; km, kilometre; LMIC, low and middle-incomecountries; NHA, National Highway Authority; NHMP, National Highway & MotorwayPolice; PKR, Pakistani rupee; USA, United States of America.111
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Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux
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Publications (peer-reviewed).......
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Index of figuresFigure 1. Traffic f
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AbbreviationsAKUAVCIBMIEASESSDALYDW
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AbstractBackground: Interurban traf
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L'objectif de cette thèse était d
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2. Background2.1 Road injury burden
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2.4 Multiple factors involved in tr
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Figure 4. Percentage difference of
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2.7 Interurban road safety research
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ObjectivesThe objectives of this fi
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ResultsCrash burdenA total of 935 R
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Figure 7. Monthly trend of traffic
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Injury outcome patternsMost of inju
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MethodsThe study setting was 196-km
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patients. In the ED, those with NIS
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Table 6. Traffic injuries reported
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5. Analytical StudiesPrevious liter
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under supervision of Dr. Sobngwi-Ta
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Table 9. Situational variables at c
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MethodsStudy design and settingStud
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to Dec 08 were retrieved and photoc
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normal zones. However, this associa
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MethodsStudy design and settingsThe
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Figure 14. Picture extracted of a h
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located in built-up area in Pakista
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Table 15. Differences in hazard per
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6. Discussion6.1 Originality of stu
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Although adjustments are possible,
Page 60 and 61: observational studies on how the de
Page 62 and 63: to understand the deficiencies in t
Page 64 and 65: [24] Damsere-Derry J, Afukaar FK, D
Page 66 and 67: [69] Central Intelligence Agency. T
Page 68 and 69: [111] Geurts K, Wets G, Brijs T, Va
Page 70 and 71: [154] Rosenbloom T, Shahar A, Elhar
Page 72 and 73: 4. Farooq U, Bhatti JA, Siddiq M, M
Page 74 and 75: Appendix 1: Literature review on in
Page 76 and 77: they identified a cluster of long b
Page 78 and 79: more cost-effective than redesignin
Page 80 and 81: Table 18. Traffic injury interventi
Page 86 and 87: Appendix 3: Study I supplementary r
Page 88 and 89: Appendix 4: Manuscript in preparati
Page 90 and 91: BACKGROUNDPakistan, located at the
Page 92 and 93: patients were recorded during their
Page 94 and 95: This might motivate police officers
Page 96 and 97: 12. Peden M, Scurfiled R, Sleet D,
Page 98 and 99: Table 1. Traffic injuries reported
Page 100 and 101: Table 3. Ascertainment of police, a
Page 102 and 103: Appendix 5: Article published - Stu
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Page 108 and 109: 108
Page 112 and 113: 1. INTRODUCTIONWith the aging of hi
Page 114 and 115: A total of 180 crashes were identif
Page 116 and 117: conspicuity at HWZs in Pakistan. 2
Page 118 and 119: 21. Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Bhatti J, K
Page 120 and 121: Table 2. Highway work zone crash fa
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Page 124 and 125: ABSTRACTObjectives: Interurban road
Page 126 and 127: oad). A matched strategy was used t
Page 128 and 129: SitesOut of 131 crash sites identif
Page 130 and 131: Similarly, it was shown previously
Page 132 and 133: Majdzadeh, R., Khalagi, K., Naraghi
Page 134 and 135: Table 2. Characteristics of Pakista
Page 136 and 137: Table 4. Factors associated with ha
Page 138 and 139: Table 21. Situational factors at hi
Page 140 and 141: Table 23. Situational factors assoc
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