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Table 6. Traffic injuries reported to police, ambulance, and emergency department onKarachi-Hala road section (2008).EmergencyPoliceAmbulancedepartmentN % N % N %Road traffic crash- Fatal 19 44.1 37 14.5 47 10.4- Not Fatal 24 55.8 184 72.2 372 82.9- Unknown 0 0.0 34 13.3 30 6.7Road traffic injury- Deaths 27 18.8 55 10.4 60 9.1- Transported to hospital 80 55.9 428 80.6 601 90.9- Not transported to hospital 36 25.2 48 9.0 NAName of patient available- Yes 96 67.1 414 78.0 648 98.0- No 47 32.9 117 22.0 13 2.0Age (y)- 0-15 14 9.8 34 6.4 62 9.4- 16-45 88 61.5 292 55.0 516 78.1- >45 4 2.8 33 6.2 78 11.8- Unknown 37 25.9 172 32.4 5 0.7Sex- Male 93 65.0 364 68.5 609 92.1- Female 12 8.4 78 14.7 52 7.9- Unknown 38 26.6 89 16.8 0 0.0Road user group- Pedestrian 5 3.5 40 7.5 83 12.7- Motorcycle riders 6 4.2 49 9.2 203 30.6- Four-wheeled vehicles’ occupants 120 83.9 403 75.9 327 49.5- Others 0 0.0 1 0.2 4 0.6- Unknown 12 8.4 38 7.2 44 6.6NA – Not applicableMatched recordsA total of 108 patients were found in two or more datasets (Figure 10), including 13 who werefound in all datasets, 28 who were found in police and EAS datasets, and 14 who were foundin both police and ED datasets; 93 records were common between ambulance and EDdatasets. Some discrepancies were observed for outcome of injuries reported in police andambulance records (Table 7): four of the 17 injured in police dataset were reported dead inEAS records. Similarly, one of eight injured in police records was reported dead in EDrecords, and nine of 84 injured patients in EAS were reported dead in ED records.Ascertainment of road fatalities and injuriesBased on matching, 119 unique patients were reported to have died in 2008 on this interurbanroad section (Table 8). Police recorded 22.6%, EAS 46.2% and ED 50.4% of them. Similarly,a total of 1 095 injuries were reported injured in three datasets after identifying matched34
ecords. Police accounted for 10.6%, EAS 43.5%, and ED 54.9%. Traffic mortality rate was54 deaths per 10 9 vehicle-km and RTI rate was slightly over 500 injuries per 10 9 vehicle-kmon this road section. Matching of nameless police and ambulance records, when any of thecrash dates, time, age, and sex details was available, decreased the overall estimates by 4deaths and 73 injuries. Corrected traffic fatality was 53 deaths and injuries were 467 per 10 9vehicle-km travelled on this road section.Figure 10. Traffic injuries reported to police, ambulance service, and emergencydepartments on Karachi-Hala road section in 2008 (N=1 214)PoliceN=14311415 113AmbulanceN=531424 56879HospitalN=661Table 7. Differences in outcome of traffic injury among police, ambulance, andemergency department for same patient on Karachi-Hala road section, 2008 (N=108)PoliceAmbulanceHospitalInjured Died Discharged Admitted DiedN (%) N (%) N (%) N (%) N (%)Injured 13 46.4 4 14.3 6 42.9 1 7.1 1 7.1Died 0 0.0 11 39.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 42.9AmbulanceInjured 49 53.3 26 28.3 9 9.7Died 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 8.7Table 8. Ascertainment of police, ambulance, and emergency department recordsfor traffic fatalities and injuries on Karachi-Hala road section (N=1 214)Outcome Police Ambulance Hospital Total Rate *N % † N % † N % † N %Deaths 27 22.6 55 46.2 60 50.4 119 9.8 54.4Injuries 116 10.6 476 43.5 601 54.9 1 095 91.2 500.4* per 10 9 km travelled.† Ascertainment rate; record numbers (N) divided by total (N) for the given outcome.35
Page 1: Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux
Page 4 and 5: Publications (peer-reviewed).......
Page 6 and 7: Index of figuresFigure 1. Traffic f
Page 8 and 9: AbbreviationsAKUAVCIBMIEASESSDALYDW
Page 10 and 11: AbstractBackground: Interurban traf
Page 12 and 13: L'objectif de cette thèse était d
Page 14 and 15: 2. Background2.1 Road injury burden
Page 16 and 17: 2.4 Multiple factors involved in tr
Page 18 and 19: Figure 4. Percentage difference of
Page 20 and 21: 2.7 Interurban road safety research
Page 22 and 23: ObjectivesThe objectives of this fi
Page 24 and 25: ResultsCrash burdenA total of 935 R
Page 26 and 27: Figure 7. Monthly trend of traffic
Page 28 and 29: Injury outcome patternsMost of inju
Page 30 and 31: MethodsThe study setting was 196-km
Page 32 and 33: patients. In the ED, those with NIS
Page 36 and 37: 5. Analytical StudiesPrevious liter
Page 38 and 39: under supervision of Dr. Sobngwi-Ta
Page 40 and 41: Table 9. Situational variables at c
Page 42 and 43: MethodsStudy design and settingStud
Page 44 and 45: to Dec 08 were retrieved and photoc
Page 46 and 47: normal zones. However, this associa
Page 48 and 49: MethodsStudy design and settingsThe
Page 50 and 51: Figure 14. Picture extracted of a h
Page 52 and 53: located in built-up area in Pakista
Page 54 and 55: Table 15. Differences in hazard per
Page 56 and 57: 6. Discussion6.1 Originality of stu
Page 58 and 59: Although adjustments are possible,
Page 60 and 61: observational studies on how the de
Page 62 and 63: to understand the deficiencies in t
Page 64 and 65: [24] Damsere-Derry J, Afukaar FK, D
Page 66 and 67: [69] Central Intelligence Agency. T
Page 68 and 69: [111] Geurts K, Wets G, Brijs T, Va
Page 70 and 71: [154] Rosenbloom T, Shahar A, Elhar
Page 72 and 73: 4. Farooq U, Bhatti JA, Siddiq M, M
Page 74 and 75: Appendix 1: Literature review on in
Page 76 and 77: they identified a cluster of long b
Page 78 and 79: more cost-effective than redesignin
Page 80 and 81: Table 18. Traffic injury interventi
Page 86 and 87:
Appendix 3: Study I supplementary r
Page 88 and 89:
Appendix 4: Manuscript in preparati
Page 90 and 91:
BACKGROUNDPakistan, located at the
Page 92 and 93:
patients were recorded during their
Page 94 and 95:
This might motivate police officers
Page 96 and 97:
12. Peden M, Scurfiled R, Sleet D,
Page 98 and 99:
Table 1. Traffic injuries reported
Page 100 and 101:
Table 3. Ascertainment of police, a
Page 102 and 103:
Appendix 5: Article published - Stu
Page 104 and 105:
104
Page 106 and 107:
106
Page 108 and 109:
108
Page 110 and 111:
Appendix 6: Article under review -
Page 112 and 113:
1. INTRODUCTIONWith the aging of hi
Page 114 and 115:
A total of 180 crashes were identif
Page 116 and 117:
conspicuity at HWZs in Pakistan. 2
Page 118 and 119:
21. Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Bhatti J, K
Page 120 and 121:
Table 2. Highway work zone crash fa
Page 122 and 123:
122
Page 124 and 125:
ABSTRACTObjectives: Interurban road
Page 126 and 127:
oad). A matched strategy was used t
Page 128 and 129:
SitesOut of 131 crash sites identif
Page 130 and 131:
Similarly, it was shown previously
Page 132 and 133:
Majdzadeh, R., Khalagi, K., Naraghi
Page 134 and 135:
Table 2. Characteristics of Pakista
Page 136 and 137:
Table 4. Factors associated with ha
Page 138 and 139:
Table 21. Situational factors at hi
Page 140 and 141:
Table 23. Situational factors assoc
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