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Figure 7. Monthly trend of traffic fatalities and injuries on the Yaoundé-Doualaroad section (Jan 2004 to May 2007)1009080FatalityInjuries70N6050403020100J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M2004 2005 2006 2007Time periodCrash type patternsOut of 935 RTCs, the major crash types were: 1) collisions in the same direction (19.3%);2) single vehicles running off the road (19.2%); 3) collisions of vehicles travelling in oppositedirections (16.7%); and 4) RTCs involving pedestrians (15.0%) (Table 4). Crash fatality washigh for those involving collision of vehicles in opposite direction (0.9) and pedestriancrashes (0.5) (Appendix 3). In most crashes, road user-related factors, such as hazardousovertaking (28.6%), excessive speed (19.5%), inattention/distraction (14.5%), loss of control(12.8%), and hazardous manoeuvre (12.2%), were identified. Vehicle-related factors, such astyre problems and other mechanical causes, were identified in 18.0% of crashes.Environmental factors were identified in 4.0% of the crashes. Among 99 RTCs where nocause could be identified, 44 involved pedestrians left without assistance by a run-awayvehicle.Weather conditions were normal for most crashes (81.4%). A significant proportion ofcrashes occurred in built-up areas (41.6%), at intersections (19.3%), and on sections with flatroadprofile (70.7%). Same-direction crashes were frequent with hazardous overtaking(47.5%) and loss of control (22.7%). Running-off-the-road crashes were frequently observedwith tyre (35.0%) and mechanical problems (52.8%), and when shoulder conditions wereirregular (21.3%). Similarly, opposite direction were frequent with hazardous overtaking(56.4%), and pedestrian crashes were more frequent than average with inattention anddistraction (29.8%) and in built-up areas (54.3%). Two-wheeled motorized vehicle crasheswere frequent with hazardous overtaking (39.5%), in built-up areas (76.0%), at intersections(29.0%), and with straight road profile 75.3%). Crashes at intersections were frequent withexcessive speed (33.9%), inattention and distraction (62.9%), hazardous manoeuvre (35.5%),built-up areas (77.1%), and straight road profile (79.0%).26
Table 4. Crash types, causes, and situational factors on the Yaoundé-Douala road section (2004-2007)All (N=935)SamedirectionRunning offthe roadOppositedirectionPedestrianOther still ormanoeuvringvehicleTwowheeledmotorizedvehicleIntersectionN % (N=181) (N=180) (N=156) (N=141) (N=84) (N=81) (N=62)% % % % % % %CausesHazardous overtaking 268 28.6 47.5 18.3 56.4 5.7 14.3 39.5 8.1Excessive speed 182 19.5 18.8 18.3 18.6 20.6 20.2 12.4 33.9Inattention, distraction 136 14.5 9.4 1.7 1.3 29.8 13.1 21.0 62.9Loss of control 120 12.8 22.7 11.1 16.0 4.3 13.1 11.1 3.2Hazardous manoeuvre 114 12.2 13.3 6.1 7.1 3.6 22.6 22.2 35.5Unsafe parking 74 7.9 8.3 2.8 9.0 2.8 35.7 3.7 3.2Tyre puncture/burst/loss 98 10.5 3.8 35.0 7.1 4.3 1.2 3.7 0.0Other mechanical cause 71 7.8 8.3 52.8 12.8 7.1 10.7 4.9 1.6Environmental factors 37 4.0 5.0 7.2 1.9 6.4 2.4 0.0 0.0Light conditionsLight 552 59.2 58.0 70.4 53.9 57.1 49.4 60.5 54.0Twilight 92 9.9 8.3 10.1 9.0 9.3 16.9 8.6 12.0Night 288 30.9 33.7 19.6 37.2 33.6 33.7 27.4 34.0Weather conditionsNormal 749 81.4 75.6 87.1 75.0 90.4 72.3 93.8 75.8Rain 131 14.2 18.9 9.6 19.7 8.1 16.9 5.0 17.7Other 40 4.6 5.6 3.4 5.3 1.5 10.8 1.3 6.5Built-up area 381 41.6 34.4 18.8 27.5 54.3 46.3 76.0 77.1Intersection 168 19.3 16.5 6.1 7.6 24.0 19.7 29.1 72.1Flat road profile 656 70.7 68.5 65.9 68.6 72.1 77.4 76.3 72.1Straight road profile 570 61.3 61.3 42.7 53.3 68.6 73.8 75.3 79.0Irregular surface condition 7 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3Irregular shoulder condition 79 11.1 7.4 21.3 14.8 8.6 9.1 3.1 2.1Nearby school 16 1.7 0.6 1.7 0.0 5.1 0.0 3.7 1.627
Page 1: Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux
Page 4 and 5: Publications (peer-reviewed).......
Page 6 and 7: Index of figuresFigure 1. Traffic f
Page 8 and 9: AbbreviationsAKUAVCIBMIEASESSDALYDW
Page 10 and 11: AbstractBackground: Interurban traf
Page 12 and 13: L'objectif de cette thèse était d
Page 14 and 15: 2. Background2.1 Road injury burden
Page 16 and 17: 2.4 Multiple factors involved in tr
Page 18 and 19: Figure 4. Percentage difference of
Page 20 and 21: 2.7 Interurban road safety research
Page 22 and 23: ObjectivesThe objectives of this fi
Page 24 and 25: ResultsCrash burdenA total of 935 R
Page 28 and 29: Injury outcome patternsMost of inju
Page 30 and 31: MethodsThe study setting was 196-km
Page 32 and 33: patients. In the ED, those with NIS
Page 34 and 35: Table 6. Traffic injuries reported
Page 36 and 37: 5. Analytical StudiesPrevious liter
Page 38 and 39: under supervision of Dr. Sobngwi-Ta
Page 40 and 41: Table 9. Situational variables at c
Page 42 and 43: MethodsStudy design and settingStud
Page 44 and 45: to Dec 08 were retrieved and photoc
Page 46 and 47: normal zones. However, this associa
Page 48 and 49: MethodsStudy design and settingsThe
Page 50 and 51: Figure 14. Picture extracted of a h
Page 52 and 53: located in built-up area in Pakista
Page 54 and 55: Table 15. Differences in hazard per
Page 56 and 57: 6. Discussion6.1 Originality of stu
Page 58 and 59: Although adjustments are possible,
Page 60 and 61: observational studies on how the de
Page 62 and 63: to understand the deficiencies in t
Page 64 and 65: [24] Damsere-Derry J, Afukaar FK, D
Page 66 and 67: [69] Central Intelligence Agency. T
Page 68 and 69: [111] Geurts K, Wets G, Brijs T, Va
Page 70 and 71: [154] Rosenbloom T, Shahar A, Elhar
Page 72 and 73: 4. Farooq U, Bhatti JA, Siddiq M, M
Page 74 and 75: Appendix 1: Literature review on in
Page 76 and 77:
they identified a cluster of long b
Page 78 and 79:
more cost-effective than redesignin
Page 80 and 81:
Table 18. Traffic injury interventi
Page 86 and 87:
Appendix 3: Study I supplementary r
Page 88 and 89:
Appendix 4: Manuscript in preparati
Page 90 and 91:
BACKGROUNDPakistan, located at the
Page 92 and 93:
patients were recorded during their
Page 94 and 95:
This might motivate police officers
Page 96 and 97:
12. Peden M, Scurfiled R, Sleet D,
Page 98 and 99:
Table 1. Traffic injuries reported
Page 100 and 101:
Table 3. Ascertainment of police, a
Page 102 and 103:
Appendix 5: Article published - Stu
Page 104 and 105:
104
Page 106 and 107:
106
Page 108 and 109:
108
Page 110 and 111:
Appendix 6: Article under review -
Page 112 and 113:
1. INTRODUCTIONWith the aging of hi
Page 114 and 115:
A total of 180 crashes were identif
Page 116 and 117:
conspicuity at HWZs in Pakistan. 2
Page 118 and 119:
21. Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Bhatti J, K
Page 120 and 121:
Table 2. Highway work zone crash fa
Page 122 and 123:
122
Page 124 and 125:
ABSTRACTObjectives: Interurban road
Page 126 and 127:
oad). A matched strategy was used t
Page 128 and 129:
SitesOut of 131 crash sites identif
Page 130 and 131:
Similarly, it was shown previously
Page 132 and 133:
Majdzadeh, R., Khalagi, K., Naraghi
Page 134 and 135:
Table 2. Characteristics of Pakista
Page 136 and 137:
Table 4. Factors associated with ha
Page 138 and 139:
Table 21. Situational factors at hi
Page 140 and 141:
Table 23. Situational factors assoc
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