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Table 4. Factors associated with hazard perception at high- and low-risk sites on Yaoundé-Douala and Karachi-Hala road sectionsModel 1 Model 2 Model 3OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CIDriverAge (years)-18-25 1.93 1.50-2.48 1.95 1.71-2.22 2.09 1.53-2.82- 26-35 1.21 1.03-1.42 1.20 1.12-1.30 1.23 1.02-1.49- 36-45 1 1 1- > 45 1.00 0.84-1.19 1.00 0.91-1.08 1.00 0.81-1.23Vehicle driven- Truck * 1 1- Motorcar 0.71 0.62-0.82 0.70 0.65-0.75 0.69 0.58-0.81- Mini-bus 0.85 0.64-1.13 0.85 0.73-0.98 0.83 0.61-1.16- Mini-truck 0.68 0.50-0.92 0.67 0.58-0.78 0.66 0.46-0.94- Bus 1.38 1.10-1.74 1.39 1.24-1.55 1.40 1.08-1.86SiteCameroon vs. Pakistan 6.53 4.91-8.68 6.88 5.26-9.02 7.61 6.55-8.85Straight vs. curve 0.72 0.58-0.88 0.69 0.56-0.86 0.69 0.62-0.76Irregular vs. regular road surface 4.78 3.74-6.09 4.61 3.71-5.75 5.36 4.71-6.11Flat vs. hill 0.57 0.48-0.69 0.54 0.45-0.65 0.54 0.50-0.60Intersection vs. none 1.46 1.13-1.90 1.40 1.08-1.82 1.49 1.30-1.73Work zone 24.34 15.00-39.51 23.33 14.43-37.71 31.82 24.53-41.26Lane width ≤ 8 m vs. > 8 m- High-risk 0.51 0.43-0.61 0.50 0.37-0.68 0.48 0.42-0.56- Low-risk 18.48 10.39-32.85 22.64 12.42-41.26 23.57 17.29-32.14Built-up area vs. rural- High-risk 0.58 0.51-0.68 0.67 0.49-0.90 0.57 0.46-0.69- Low-risk 2.04 1.51-2.74 2.29 1.69-3.09 2.18 1.86-2.56Vertical road sign- High-risk 2.75 2.38-3.16 2.64 2.02-3.44 2.94 2.48-3.50- Low-risk 0.50 0.34-0.72 0.50 0.36-0.70 0.47 0.39-0.58U-turn- High-risk 8.00 6.36-10.22 7.69 5.09-11.62 9.58 7.50-12.24- Low-risk 0.62 0.39-0.97 0.65 0.43-0.99 0.60 0.47-0.76TrafficHeavy traffic 0.37 0.29-0.47 0.41 0.33-0.51 0.34 0.30-0.39Maneuvering vehicle 1.91 1.50-2.42 1.82 1.45-2.32 2.01 1.77-2.29Oppositely coming traffic 2.05 1.56-2.69 2.15 1.64-2.82 2.18 1.88-2.53Motorcycle 0.53 0.38-0.75 0.52 0.37-0.74 0.51 0.43-0.61Rain- High-risk 0.19 0.15-0.24 0.17 0.11-0.27 0.16 0.13-0.20- Low-risk 0.47 0.29-0.78 0.48 0.29-0.79 0.45 0.35-0.58OR – Odds ratio95% CI – 95% confidence intervalModel 1 – Without random effectModel 2 – Site as random effectModel 3 – Driver as random effect* Motorcyclists were not analyzed separately as no differences were observed.136
Appendix 8: Study V supplementary resultsTable 20. Driver age, sex, and vehicles driven on Karachi-Hala road section (July 2009)N (%) Seat belt / Phelmet useVehicle driven
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Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux
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Publications (peer-reviewed).......
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Index of figuresFigure 1. Traffic f
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AbbreviationsAKUAVCIBMIEASESSDALYDW
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AbstractBackground: Interurban traf
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L'objectif de cette thèse était d
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2. Background2.1 Road injury burden
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2.4 Multiple factors involved in tr
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Figure 4. Percentage difference of
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2.7 Interurban road safety research
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ObjectivesThe objectives of this fi
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ResultsCrash burdenA total of 935 R
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Figure 7. Monthly trend of traffic
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Injury outcome patternsMost of inju
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MethodsThe study setting was 196-km
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patients. In the ED, those with NIS
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Table 6. Traffic injuries reported
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5. Analytical StudiesPrevious liter
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under supervision of Dr. Sobngwi-Ta
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Table 9. Situational variables at c
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MethodsStudy design and settingStud
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to Dec 08 were retrieved and photoc
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normal zones. However, this associa
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MethodsStudy design and settingsThe
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Figure 14. Picture extracted of a h
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located in built-up area in Pakista
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Table 15. Differences in hazard per
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6. Discussion6.1 Originality of stu
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Although adjustments are possible,
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observational studies on how the de
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to understand the deficiencies in t
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[24] Damsere-Derry J, Afukaar FK, D
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[69] Central Intelligence Agency. T
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[111] Geurts K, Wets G, Brijs T, Va
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[154] Rosenbloom T, Shahar A, Elhar
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4. Farooq U, Bhatti JA, Siddiq M, M
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Appendix 1: Literature review on in
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they identified a cluster of long b
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more cost-effective than redesignin
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Table 18. Traffic injury interventi
Page 86 and 87: Appendix 3: Study I supplementary r
Page 88 and 89: Appendix 4: Manuscript in preparati
Page 90 and 91: BACKGROUNDPakistan, located at the
Page 92 and 93: patients were recorded during their
Page 94 and 95: This might motivate police officers
Page 96 and 97: 12. Peden M, Scurfiled R, Sleet D,
Page 98 and 99: Table 1. Traffic injuries reported
Page 100 and 101: Table 3. Ascertainment of police, a
Page 102 and 103: Appendix 5: Article published - Stu
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Page 106 and 107: 106
Page 108 and 109: 108
Page 110 and 111: Appendix 6: Article under review -
Page 112 and 113: 1. INTRODUCTIONWith the aging of hi
Page 114 and 115: A total of 180 crashes were identif
Page 116 and 117: conspicuity at HWZs in Pakistan. 2
Page 118 and 119: 21. Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Bhatti J, K
Page 120 and 121: Table 2. Highway work zone crash fa
Page 122 and 123: 122
Page 124 and 125: ABSTRACTObjectives: Interurban road
Page 126 and 127: oad). A matched strategy was used t
Page 128 and 129: SitesOut of 131 crash sites identif
Page 130 and 131: Similarly, it was shown previously
Page 132 and 133: Majdzadeh, R., Khalagi, K., Naraghi
Page 134 and 135: Table 2. Characteristics of Pakista
Page 138 and 139: Table 21. Situational factors at hi
Page 140 and 141: Table 23. Situational factors assoc
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