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ResultsCrash burdenA total of 935 RTCs police reports corresponding to our study period were retrievable from13 police stations. These RTCs could be classified into fatal (N=228), injury (N=428), andmateriel-damage only (N=279) crashes. A total of 3 039 persons were involved in thesecrashes; 12.3% died, and 49.2% were injured. Among those who died (N=374), 74.3% diedimmediately as a result of crash impact, 5.6% died after impact on the crash scene, 2.7% diedduring transportation, and 17.4% died in the hospital. Among the injured (N=1 494), 48.6%were declared as seriously injured in the police report. When these figures were compared fortheir completeness to a total of 1 400 RTCs reported in registers of eight police stations, weestimated that these results accounted for 65.4% of all crashes, 62.7% of injury crashes and76.1% of fatal crashes. With an estimated 655 465 vehicle-km travelled daily, the correctedmortality and morbidity estimates were approximately 73 deaths and 240 injuries per 100million vehicle-km travelled (Table 3). Occupants of personal and passenger vehicles wereabout twice as often involved in an injury or fatal crashes than trucks’ occupants. Similarly,the injury and fatality risk was four times higher for occupants of personal and passengervehicles than for trucks’ occupants. Injury severity was higher for vulnerable road users:pedestrians (0.43), cyclist (0.36), and motorcyclist (0.25), as compared to other vehicles’occupants (≤ 0.20) (Figure 6).Table 3 Burden of road traffic crashes and injuries, according to vehicle type onYaoundé-Douala road section (2004-2007)Non fatalFatalCrash risk by vehicleN Rate* RR 95% CI N Rate* RR 95% CI- Truck 86 45 1 53 27 1- Personal vehicle 340 102 2.29 1.81-2.90 142 43 1.55 1.13-2.13- Utilitarian vehicle 85 70 1.56 1.16-2.11 41 34 1.22 0.81-1.84- Passenger vehicle 159 93 2.10 1.61-2.72 84 49 1.80 1.27-2.53Total** 428 69 228 44Injury risk by road user- Passenger- Truck 108 56 1 19 10 1- Personal vehicle 557 167 2.99 2.43-3.67 133 40 4.06 2.51-6.56- Utilitarian vehicle 171 140 2.50 1.97-3.18 22 18 1.83 0.99-3.38- Passenger vehicle 392 230 4.11 3.32-5.09 85 50 5.07 3.08-8.34- Pedestrian 77 † 57 †- Cyclist 7 † 4 †- Two-wheeled motorized vehicle 110 † 36 †- Other or unspecified 72 † 18 †Total‡ 1494 240 374 73* Per 100 million vehicle-km† Denominator not available‡ Corrected for under-reporting as per police registers24
Figure 6. Traffic injury outcome, according to road user group on Yaoundé-Douala road section (2004-2007)1.00Fatality per total injured0.800.600.400.20FatalityInjury0.00PedestrianCyclist*Two-wheeled vehicle*Personal vehicle*Utilitarian vehicle*Road userTruck*Passenger vehicle*Others/unspecified** Driver or occupantTime trendsOver 2004 to 2006, traffic injuries and fatalities increased (Figure 7). For instance, ascompared to 2004 (N=105), a 20% increase in road fatalities was observed in 2006 (N=126).Similarly, the injuries increased from 492 in 2004 to 687 in 2006, a 45% increase. A peak ofRTI occurrence was observed on Friday, Saturday, Sunday, accounting for 55.1% of roadfatalities and 54.4% of RTIs (Appendix 3).25
Page 1: Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux
Page 4 and 5: Publications (peer-reviewed).......
Page 6 and 7: Index of figuresFigure 1. Traffic f
Page 8 and 9: AbbreviationsAKUAVCIBMIEASESSDALYDW
Page 10 and 11: AbstractBackground: Interurban traf
Page 12 and 13: L'objectif de cette thèse était d
Page 14 and 15: 2. Background2.1 Road injury burden
Page 16 and 17: 2.4 Multiple factors involved in tr
Page 18 and 19: Figure 4. Percentage difference of
Page 20 and 21: 2.7 Interurban road safety research
Page 22 and 23: ObjectivesThe objectives of this fi
Page 26 and 27: Figure 7. Monthly trend of traffic
Page 28 and 29: Injury outcome patternsMost of inju
Page 30 and 31: MethodsThe study setting was 196-km
Page 32 and 33: patients. In the ED, those with NIS
Page 34 and 35: Table 6. Traffic injuries reported
Page 36 and 37: 5. Analytical StudiesPrevious liter
Page 38 and 39: under supervision of Dr. Sobngwi-Ta
Page 40 and 41: Table 9. Situational variables at c
Page 42 and 43: MethodsStudy design and settingStud
Page 44 and 45: to Dec 08 were retrieved and photoc
Page 46 and 47: normal zones. However, this associa
Page 48 and 49: MethodsStudy design and settingsThe
Page 50 and 51: Figure 14. Picture extracted of a h
Page 52 and 53: located in built-up area in Pakista
Page 54 and 55: Table 15. Differences in hazard per
Page 56 and 57: 6. Discussion6.1 Originality of stu
Page 58 and 59: Although adjustments are possible,
Page 60 and 61: observational studies on how the de
Page 62 and 63: to understand the deficiencies in t
Page 64 and 65: [24] Damsere-Derry J, Afukaar FK, D
Page 66 and 67: [69] Central Intelligence Agency. T
Page 68 and 69: [111] Geurts K, Wets G, Brijs T, Va
Page 70 and 71: [154] Rosenbloom T, Shahar A, Elhar
Page 72 and 73: 4. Farooq U, Bhatti JA, Siddiq M, M
Page 74 and 75:
Appendix 1: Literature review on in
Page 76 and 77:
they identified a cluster of long b
Page 78 and 79:
more cost-effective than redesignin
Page 80 and 81:
Table 18. Traffic injury interventi
Page 86 and 87:
Appendix 3: Study I supplementary r
Page 88 and 89:
Appendix 4: Manuscript in preparati
Page 90 and 91:
BACKGROUNDPakistan, located at the
Page 92 and 93:
patients were recorded during their
Page 94 and 95:
This might motivate police officers
Page 96 and 97:
12. Peden M, Scurfiled R, Sleet D,
Page 98 and 99:
Table 1. Traffic injuries reported
Page 100 and 101:
Table 3. Ascertainment of police, a
Page 102 and 103:
Appendix 5: Article published - Stu
Page 104 and 105:
104
Page 106 and 107:
106
Page 108 and 109:
108
Page 110 and 111:
Appendix 6: Article under review -
Page 112 and 113:
1. INTRODUCTIONWith the aging of hi
Page 114 and 115:
A total of 180 crashes were identif
Page 116 and 117:
conspicuity at HWZs in Pakistan. 2
Page 118 and 119:
21. Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Bhatti J, K
Page 120 and 121:
Table 2. Highway work zone crash fa
Page 122 and 123:
122
Page 124 and 125:
ABSTRACTObjectives: Interurban road
Page 126 and 127:
oad). A matched strategy was used t
Page 128 and 129:
SitesOut of 131 crash sites identif
Page 130 and 131:
Similarly, it was shown previously
Page 132 and 133:
Majdzadeh, R., Khalagi, K., Naraghi
Page 134 and 135:
Table 2. Characteristics of Pakista
Page 136 and 137:
Table 4. Factors associated with ha
Page 138 and 139:
Table 21. Situational factors at hi
Page 140 and 141:
Table 23. Situational factors assoc
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