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Appendix 4: Manuscript in preparation – Study IITITLEDIFFERENCES IN POLICE, AMBULANCE, AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTREPORTING OF TRAFFIC INJURIES ON KARACHI-HALA ROAD, PAKISTANAUTHORS1. Junaid Ahmad BHATTI a,2. Junaid Abdul RAZZAK b3. Emmanuel LAGARDE aa, c, d4. L.-Rachid SALMIAFFILIATIONSa. Equipe Avenir « Prévention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes », Institut National de laSanté et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 897 (INSERM U897), Bordeaux, France.b. Department of Emergency Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.c. Institut de Santé Publique, d’Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), UniversitéVictor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.d. Service d’information médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux,France.CORRESPONDING AUTHORJunaid A. BHATTIEquipe Avenir « Prévention et Prise en Charge des Traumatismes »Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 897 (INSERM U897)146 rue Léo Saignat33076 Bordeaux cedexFranceTel: + 33 (5) 57 57 45 50Fax: + 33 (5) 57 57 45 28Email: junaid.bhatti@yahoo.comCOUNTSAbstract: 213 wordsManuscript: 2 782 wordsReferences: 36Tables: 3Figure: 188
ABSTRACTBackground: Previous research in developing countries assessed discrepancies in policeRoad Traffic Injury (RTI) reporting for urban settings only. The objective of this study was toassess differences in RTI reporting among police, ambulance, and Emergency Department(ED) datasets on an interurban road section in Pakistan.Methods: The study setting was 196-km long Karachi-Hala road section. RTIs reported to thepolice, Edhi Ambulance Service (EAS), and five EDs in Karachi during 2008 (Jan to Dec)were compared. Further, records from these data were matched to assess their ascertainment.Results: A total of 143 RTIs were reported to the police, 531 to EAS, and 661 to ED. Fatalityper hundred traffic injuries was twice as high in police records (N=27, 18.8%) than inambulance (N=55, 10.4%) and hospital records (N=60, 9.1%). On the contrary, pedestrian andmotorcyclist involvement per hundred traffic injuries was twice as low in police records(N=11, 7.7%) than in ambulance (N=89, 16.7%) and hospital records (N=286, 43.3%). Basedon matching, police recorded 22.6%, EAS 46.2%, and ED 50.4% of the 119 reportedly diedpatients. Similarly, police data accounted for 10.6%, EAS 43.5%, and ED 54.9% of the 1 095reportedly injured patients.Conclusion: Police reporting, particularly of non-fatal RTIs and those involving vulnerableroad users, should be improved in Pakistan.KEYWORDS: Highway; injury severity; surveillance; traffic accident.ABBREVIATIONS: EAS, Edhi Ambulance Service; ED, Emergency Department; HIC,High-Income Country; LMIC, Low- and Middle-Income Country; NHMP, National Highway& Motorway Police; NISS, New Injury Severity Scores; RTC, road traffic crash; RTI, roadtraffic injury; US, United States of America; WHO, World Health Organization; $, Dollar.89
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Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux
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Publications (peer-reviewed).......
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Index of figuresFigure 1. Traffic f
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AbbreviationsAKUAVCIBMIEASESSDALYDW
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AbstractBackground: Interurban traf
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L'objectif de cette thèse était d
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2. Background2.1 Road injury burden
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2.4 Multiple factors involved in tr
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Figure 4. Percentage difference of
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2.7 Interurban road safety research
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ObjectivesThe objectives of this fi
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ResultsCrash burdenA total of 935 R
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Figure 7. Monthly trend of traffic
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Injury outcome patternsMost of inju
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MethodsThe study setting was 196-km
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patients. In the ED, those with NIS
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Table 6. Traffic injuries reported
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5. Analytical StudiesPrevious liter
Page 38 and 39: under supervision of Dr. Sobngwi-Ta
Page 40 and 41: Table 9. Situational variables at c
Page 42 and 43: MethodsStudy design and settingStud
Page 44 and 45: to Dec 08 were retrieved and photoc
Page 46 and 47: normal zones. However, this associa
Page 48 and 49: MethodsStudy design and settingsThe
Page 50 and 51: Figure 14. Picture extracted of a h
Page 52 and 53: located in built-up area in Pakista
Page 54 and 55: Table 15. Differences in hazard per
Page 56 and 57: 6. Discussion6.1 Originality of stu
Page 58 and 59: Although adjustments are possible,
Page 60 and 61: observational studies on how the de
Page 62 and 63: to understand the deficiencies in t
Page 64 and 65: [24] Damsere-Derry J, Afukaar FK, D
Page 66 and 67: [69] Central Intelligence Agency. T
Page 68 and 69: [111] Geurts K, Wets G, Brijs T, Va
Page 70 and 71: [154] Rosenbloom T, Shahar A, Elhar
Page 72 and 73: 4. Farooq U, Bhatti JA, Siddiq M, M
Page 74 and 75: Appendix 1: Literature review on in
Page 76 and 77: they identified a cluster of long b
Page 78 and 79: more cost-effective than redesignin
Page 80 and 81: Table 18. Traffic injury interventi
Page 86 and 87: Appendix 3: Study I supplementary r
Page 90 and 91: BACKGROUNDPakistan, located at the
Page 92 and 93: patients were recorded during their
Page 94 and 95: This might motivate police officers
Page 96 and 97: 12. Peden M, Scurfiled R, Sleet D,
Page 98 and 99: Table 1. Traffic injuries reported
Page 100 and 101: Table 3. Ascertainment of police, a
Page 102 and 103: Appendix 5: Article published - Stu
Page 104 and 105: 104
Page 106 and 107: 106
Page 108 and 109: 108
Page 110 and 111: Appendix 6: Article under review -
Page 112 and 113: 1. INTRODUCTIONWith the aging of hi
Page 114 and 115: A total of 180 crashes were identif
Page 116 and 117: conspicuity at HWZs in Pakistan. 2
Page 118 and 119: 21. Sobngwi-Tambekou J, Bhatti J, K
Page 120 and 121: Table 2. Highway work zone crash fa
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Page 124 and 125: ABSTRACTObjectives: Interurban road
Page 126 and 127: oad). A matched strategy was used t
Page 128 and 129: SitesOut of 131 crash sites identif
Page 130 and 131: Similarly, it was shown previously
Page 132 and 133: Majdzadeh, R., Khalagi, K., Naraghi
Page 134 and 135: Table 2. Characteristics of Pakista
Page 136 and 137: Table 4. Factors associated with ha
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Table 21. Situational factors at hi
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Table 23. Situational factors assoc
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