Dictionary of Music - Birding America

146 flûtefig. 105 p/u from p. 149Flutophone (floo — ′tə fōn′′). The trade name for asmall wind instrument used mainly for teachingyoung children. The Flutophone, made of plastic,has a beaked mouthpiece like the recorder’s and aflared bell. It has seven finger holes, giving it a rangeof a ninth, from the C above middle C to the Dabove high C. A similar instrument is the TONETTE.flutter tonguingSee under TONGUING.works for solo flute (or with major parts for soloflute) are: Bach’s Orchestral Suite no. 2; Cimarosa’sConcerto in G for two flutes; K. P. E. Bach’s Concertoin D minor, and numerous sonatas for flute;Handel’s numerous sonatas; Vivaldi’s six concertosfor flute, strings, and continuo, op. 10; Pergolesi’sConcertos in D and in G; Haydn’s Sonata in G forflute and piano; Mozart’s Concerto no. 1 in G majorfor flute. (K. 313); Friedrich Kuhlau’s numerouschamber works for flute; Ravel’s La Flûte enchantée(from Shéhérazade); Debussy’s Prélude à l′aprèsmidid′un faune (“Prelude to the afternoon of afaun”), Syrinx, and Sonata for flute, viola, and harp;Prokofiev’s Sonata in D, op. 94; Griffes’s Poem forflute and orchestra; Ibert’s Concerto for flute; Barber’sCapricorn Concerto for flute, oboe, and trumpet;Hindemith’s Sonata for flute and piano (1936);Milhaud’s Sonata for flute, oboe, clarinet, and piano(1918); Piston’s The Incredible Flutist; Nielsen’sConcerto for flute; Varèse’s Density 21.5 (1935); andconcertos by Foss (1986) and Zwilich (1990). (Seealso PICCOLO.) —alto flute Also, British, bassflute. A flute pitched in G, a fourth below the orchestralflute; its range is also three octaves, and it is atransposing instrument, its music sounding a fourthlower than it is written. —bass flute Also, British,contrabass flute. A flute pitched in C, an octavebelow the orchestral flute.flûte (flYt).The French word for FLUTE.flûte à bec (flYt′′ ä bek′).RECORDER.flute pipeunder ORGAN).The French term forAn important class of organ pipes (seefois (fwA) French: “time.” Used in musical termssuch as une fois (“once”), deux fois (“twice”),encore une fois (“once again”), à la fois (“at thesame time”).folia (fô lē′ä) Italian. A pattern of bass harmonies(chords) that was used by many composers of theseventeenth and eighteenth centuries. (See theexample below for the exact pattern; the squareshapednotes are double whole notes, each havingthe time value of two whole notes.) The folia isthought to have originated as a rather wild Spanishor Portuguese dance first mentioned in the fifteenthcentury (also spelled follia, perhaps alluding to“folly”). In time it came to be employed as a bass forcontinuous variations. As with the BERGAMASCA(def. 2), over the years a single melody came to beassociated with the bass. Variations on the folia basswere written by such composers as Jean-Henrid’Anglebert, Alessandro Scarlatti, Arcangelo Corelli,and both Johann Sebastian and Karl PhilippEmanuel Bach. Even a few nineteenth- and twentiethcenturycomposers used the pattern, among themLiszt and Rachmaninoff.folk balladSee under BALLAD.fig. 106 p/u from p. 150folk music Music that is learned mainly by wordof mouth and therefore changes somewhat in thecourse of time. Most often the original composer isnot known, the song or piece was written down onlymany years after it was first heard, and most of thepeople who play or sing it do not follow a writtenversion. There are, however, exceptions. Some of the