Dictionary of Music - Birding America

450 tyrolienneOTHER COMPOSERS FROM 1900 ON (continued)Composer Country Musical StyleOtto Luening (1900–1996) United States Electronic pioneer; also acoustic orchestral, chamber, vocalworks; conductor, flutist, teacher.Elizabeth Lutyens (1906–1983) Great Britain Serial; works in all genres.Tod Machover (1953– ) United States Computer music; developed hyperinstruments.Computerized instruments for young children.James MacMillan (1959– ) Scotland Combines tonal and atonal material, some dissonant, somemodal, in works showing influence of Gregorian chant andScottish folk music. Orchestral works, opera.Bruno Maderna (1920–1973) Italy Serial and electronic.Gian Francesco Malipiero Italy Neoclassic.(1882–1973)Frank Martin (1890–1974) Switzerland Atonal, serial, with mystic elements; choral and vocal works.Donald Martino (1931– ) United States Serial, dense polyphony; later chromatic. Mostlyinstrumental works, tonal elements in vocal music.Nicholas Maw (1935– )Great Britain–U.S. Serial elements combined with expressive pantonalism; laterneoromantic; orchestral, vocal, opera.Toshiro Mayuzumi (1929–1997) Japan At first late romantic, incorporating jazz and ethnic music;later musique concrète, serial and aleatory, unusual instrumentalcombinations, prepared piano; also traditional Japaneseinstruments and idioms; theater and film music, opera.Minoru Miki (1930– ) Japan Film music; later operas, instrumental works combiningJapanese and Western instruments.Gordon Mumma (1935– ) United States Electronic, live electronic, mixed media.Thea Musgrave (1928– ) Great Britain–U.S. Atonal, some serial; ballets, opera.Bo Nilsson (1937– ) Sweden Aleatory, electronic.Akira Nishimura (1953– ) Japan Experimental; structures based on tone colors and rhythms.Luigi Nono (1924–1990) Italy Serial and electronic; expressing radical political ideas.Per Nørgård (1932– ) Denmark At first romantic; later minimalist, emphasis on tone colorand rhythm.Michael Nyman (1944– ) England Film music, chamber opera, works for Michael Nyman Band(10-piece chamber orchestra); minimalist, quotation ofself, other composers, folk music; combines rock rhythmswith classical harmony.Pauline Oliveros (1932– ) United States Experimental electronic, live electronic, mixed media,improvisation, textless vocal works.Leo Ornstein (1893–2002) Russia–U.S. Piano virtuoso, dissonant atonal works, mostly piano andother instrumental music.Andrzej Panufnik (1914–1991) Poland–Great Atonal; ten symphonies, large choral works.BritainArvo Pärt (1935– ) Estonia–Germany Mystical minimalism; instrumental, large choral and vocalworks; devised tintinnabuli texture used in many worksafter 1976.Harry Partch (1901–1974) United States Microtones.